Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 1-9
DOI:
10.58928/kujas.2022.177332
The study was conducted in the Bamerny sub-district of Duhok Governorate to identify the extent
obstacles facing backyard chicken breeders. Sixty chicken breeders were comprehensive selected.
Questionnaire of three fields of obstacles facing chicken breeders: production, marketing, and
diseases, covering 16 obstacles was prepared. The results showed that (60%) of the respondents
mentioned that the obstacles they face are medium and large size obstacles. The results also
indicate that the obstacle (high cost of transportation) ranked first among (16) with an average of
(4.017), while the obstacle (inappropriate environmental conditions) came in the last rank, with an
average of (1.59). The results also shows that most of the respondents were younger than 30 years
(46.6%) and had been educated beyond Primary and diploma levels (25%). As clear most of the
respondents (70%) had experience in chicken production was ten years and more. The results
illustrate that for most of the respondents (58.3%) their chicken houses capacity was between 20-
52 birds. The results of the research showed that the level of Sources of information used in
chickens’ production (53.3%) degrees, in a small group. problems and obstacles facing the
individual backyard chicken breeders can be addressed a supported through government agencies,
active extension services, and stakeholders to solve their problems, access relevant information,
and uptake improved management techniques.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 10-19
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13402
The research aims to identify the availability of some basic competencies that are required to be available to workers in digital agricultural Extension from the point of view of senior management, middle management, and, employees with Post-graduate education degrees, represented by the following: Transition to digital agricultural Extension for sustainable and smart family farms, benefiting from international expertise and experiences in applying for Digital agricultural Extension, preparing and implementing Extension messages through platforms, factors affecting the effectiveness of digital agricultural Extension and its platforms, following up and evaluating the activities and programs of the digital Extension platform. The research population included agricultural Extension workers in senior management, middle management, and employees with Post-graduate education degrees in some of the governorates of the central region of Iraq, namely Baghdad, Holy Karbala, and Babel. A random sample was taken from the Post-graduate. The senior management, reached 46 respondents by 35%%, and 16 respondents, while the entire population was taken for senior management, which numbered 2, and the middle management, which numbered 41, and thus the sample subject to research became 59 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, consisting of 48 items, distributed over five areas: the transition to digital agricultural Extension for sustainable and smart family farms, benefiting from international expertise and experiences in the application of digital agricultural Extension, preparing and implementing Extension messages across platforms, factors Influencing the effectiveness of digital agricultural Extension and its media, following up and evaluating the activities and programs of the digital Extension platform at 11, 9, 10, 7, and 11 items, respectively, according to a quintuple scale, and the weighted mean, the weighted percentage, was used. The research concluded that there is a discrepancy in the respondents’ answers in the paragraphs of the five domains about the availability of some basic competencies among workers in digital agricultural Extension, which range from important to very important according to the scale of the importance level of quintiles, the highest value of which is 4 degrees and the lowest is zero, with a weighted average of the total for the five mentioned domains 3.25, 3.42 , 3.42, 3.42, 3.33 degrees and respectively The researcher recommends the necessity and importance of building human capital through the consolidation of these competencies through the continuous development and training of workers in digital Extension
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 20-27
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13403
The current research aims to identify the contributions of small income-generating projects in the
empowerment of rural women in Nineveh Governorate ,Al-Hamdaniya district, as a simple
random sample was drawn from the research community of 280 respondents , according to the
Robert Mason equation at the level of significance 0.05, so the sample size was 162 respondents,
i.e. a percentage 58% collected the necessary data using a questionnaire prepared as a basic tool
for data collection consisting of 20 items distributed on two axes ,and the results of the research
were analyzed and presented using the spss statistical program, as well as manual analysis using
repetitions, the weighted mean, the standard deviation, and the percentage weight. And the
Cronbach`s alpha equation and the Robert Mason equation ,and the results of the research showed
that the contributions of small projects are represented in (the empowerment of rural women
socially ,and the empowerment of rural women economically), if the weighted circles reached
(2.59, 2.54), respectively, and a general average of 2.56 degrees ,and it was recommended The
researcher stressed the need to take into account women 's capabilities, support them, and enable
them to establish small projects that satisfy their needs, thus improving the standard of living, and
work to encourage individual initiatives and work .Al-Hur to provide job opportunities for rural
women in Nineveh Governorate / Al-Hamdaniya district, who have ideas and special capabilities
that qualify them to become owners of small projects.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 28-31
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13404
In conclusion, young rural women have a major role in agricultural production and
domestic work, and this reflects their positive role in agricultural extension work with rural men and
women, especially young rural women, and through field visits to researchers in this field, and
asking some questions by researchers to rural women and farmers on some farms, In which young
women work, about the role of young women’s participation in agricultural work and the home, and
the answer was that they work the most in the field of agriculture and household belongings,thus the
rural youth is considered the strong support for her father, brother and mother in the field and the
house, and the percentage of their work relative to all the workers of her family members in the
field and the house is large, as the percentage of her work in the field was about (45%) and the
percentage of her work in the house is about (55%). The percentage is large in relation to the work
of the remaining members of their families.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 32-42
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13405
A total 400 broiler chicks (Ross-308)one day old were randomly for 8 nutritional treatements: percents
of protein (standar and decrease the standar protein level by2%) with for levels of threonine (with out adding
Thr, adding Thr to Complete the requirement, complete the Thr requirement 110% and complete the Thr
requirement 120%. Each treatement included 5 replicates (pens) With bird per each replicate The period of
the exiperment was 42 days. The results of the statistical analyses was refered to the variation amonge the
treatements for the carcass traits , some physical and biochemi cal parameter were significant
(P≤0.05)
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 43-61
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13406
A total 400 broiler chicks (Ross-308) one day old were randomly for 8 nutritional treatements: percents of
protein (standar and decrease the standar protein level by2%) with for levels of threonine (without adding
Thr, adding Thr to Complete the requirement, complete the Thr requirement 110% and complete the Thr
requirement 120%. Each treatement included 5 replicates (pens) With bird per each replicate The period of
the exiperment was 42 days. The statistical analyses refered to significant enhance the birds of T5 and T6 for
the budy weight and gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the birds of another treatements. The
Significant best average for the protein and energy conversion ratio was for the birds of the sixth treatement
birds, while the average of Thr Conversion ratio was significantly (P≤0.05) depressed for T8 birds by
comparing with another treatment. The best cost of feed to produce 1 kg live body weight were for the T8
birds.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 62-72
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13407
The study carried out in the college sheep field located in Sayada from Jan 28, 2022 till April 28, 2022 on 16 Awassi lambs distributed into four groups (four lambs per group), with approximately same body weights (20.22 ± 0.56 kg) and age (4 – 4.5 month) respectively. All lambs fed concentrated ration on 2 % base of the live weight with wheat straw as full and free diet during experiment period (90 days), the first group (control) fed normal diet free of dry bread yeast and black seed, the other three groups fed the same concentrate ration with the following supplement: 2 kg bread yeast / ton of feed for 2nd group, 1 kg black seed / ton of feed for 3rd group and 2 kg of bread yeast and kg of black bean / tons of feed for 4th group. At the end of experimental period blood sample obtained from lambs and two lambs from each treatment were slaughtered with average live weights weights 27.41, 25.25, 25.27 and 25.13 kg, The results showed that there was non significant effect of adding bread yeast and black seed in final weight, total and daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. Control group outperformed all experimental groups in the feed intake. The results showed that there was a non-significant difference in the PCV, hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol and total protein levels of blood, while the third treatment was significantly (p≤0.0.5) superior in the percentage of glutathione (GSH) concentration on all treatments. It can be concluded that the addition of bread yeast and black seed did not have any significant effect on the performance of lambs and carcass traits. The study aimed to determine the effect of dry bread yeast and black seed additions on the productive performance of Awassi lambs (growth traits, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and blood parameters).
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 73-90
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13408
The study was conducted in the poultry field of the animal production department, college
of agriculture, Kirkuk university from the 30th of Sep 2021 to the 1st of Nov 2021. The
objective of the study was to evaluate the addition of L. Carnitine with Herbal methionine
and sunflower seeds to the broiler’s diet and its effect on their productivity. At age a day,
350 broilers (Ross308) with an average weight of 42 gm. They were raised on a sawdust
floor in a closed chamber with the use of 35 pen (dimension 190 x 90 cm), each chamber
was equipped with two air pullers. Chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 4
replicates for each treatment (10 chicks per replicate). The result of statistical analysis
showed that at 42 day of age the body weight of T 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 differed significantly
(P≤0.05) compared to T1 and T2. The average daily gain of treatment 6 was higher
significantly (P≤0.05) compared to treatments 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8. Also, treatments 3, 4, 5, 7,
and 8 were higher than the control and treatment 2. The feed consumption rate was
significantly lower in all treatments compared to the control, while T8 was higher than the
other experiment treatment. Also, it has been noticed that T4 was significantly lower in feed
consumption rate compared to treatments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7. The rate of feed conversion
was significantly improved in treatments 4 and 8 compared to the other treatment. The
abdominal fat was significantly lower in all treatments compared to treatments 1 and 2,
whereas the relative weight ratio of heart, liver, and gizzard did not differ between the
treatments. The carcass composition was significantly higher in treatments 6 and 8 compared
to the other treatments. There was no significant effect on the relative weight ratio of breast,
leg, wing, neck, back, and drumstick between the treatments
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 91-103
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13409
This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Animal Production Department, College of
Agriculture, Kirkuk University from 30/9/2021 to 1/11/2021. The objective of the study was to evaluate
the addition of L. carnitine with methionine and sunflower seeds to the broiler’s diet and its effect on their
productivity. 350 new hatched, unsexed broiler chicks Ross-308, with an average weight 42 g, they were
brought from (Kirkuk hatchery) in Kirkuk province. Chicks were randomly distributed into to 8 treatments
with 4 replicates for each treatment (10 chicks per replicate). The result of statistical analysis showed that
the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride.in blood serum had significantly decreased (P≤0.05) in
the all treatments of feed additive compared with the control. T4 indicated a decrease in blood cholesterol
compared to the other treatments. In addition, T7 and T8 showed a decrease in triglyceride compared to
the other experiment treatments, while there were no differences between all treatments in blood glucose.
The results showed that the fifth treatment was higher in (HDL) High-Density Lipoprotein, (LDL) Low-
Density Lipoprotein, and (VLDL) very Low-Density Lipoprotein compared to other treatments
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 104-115
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13410
The study was conducted in College of Agriculture and forestr y / Fields Department of Animal
Production during the period 1/9/2021 to 1/12/2021 , ejaculated were collected on 6 Awassi rams with
weight 45.63±1.32 kg and aged 1.5 – 2 year , dilution ratio was 1/16. Semen was collected from rams once
a tow week through the period of theexperimental using electro-ejaculator for semen .The experiment was
conducted to study the effect of magnetization of diluted semen (non-magnetic, magnetic of one hour,
magnetic two hours and continuous of magnetic strongly 1800 gauss) and preservation periods (24 , 48 , 72
and 96 hours) on semen characteristics ( mass motility , individual motility, pH of semen, percentages of
dead, live and abnormal sperm). The results indicated that the process of magnetizing the diluted semen led
to a significant effect (a ≤ 0.05) in increased the percentage of individual motility sperm , live sperm and
reducing the percentage of dead sperm. The period of cryopreservation (5 ˚ C) had a significant effect (a ≤
0.05) in decreasing the characteristics of the studied diluted semen and in increasing the percentage of dead
and deformed sperm. We conclude from the above that the magnetization of semen for an hour or two with a
intensity of 1800 gaus has a positive effect on the characteristics of the diluted semen, and that the advance
of the storage period (5˚C) has a negative effect on the characteristics of the diluted semen
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 116-127
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13411
This article dealt with identifying the importance of heat stress in poultry flocks and the
damages resulting from the production of eggs and meat and the spread of pathogens, in
addition to that ways to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress, including physiological,
nutritional, engineering and genetics, in order to ensure preservation of the product and
reduce damages
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 128-137
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13412
This study was conducted to determine the effect of using an aqueous extract of local fenugreek
seeds and olive leaves on some of the productive performance of Iraqi Awassi sheep. Twenty
Awassi sheep aged 11-12 months with an average weight of 48.50 kg were used in this study.
The ewes of the experiment were divided into five transactions. The duration of the study (70
days). The animals were randomly distributed into five equal groups with four repetitions in each
group as follows: the first control treatment dosed the ewes with distilled water only, T2 the
second treatment was dosed with fenugreek seed aqueous extract at a concentration of (25 mg/
ml/ kg), T3 the third treatment was dosed with fenugreek seed aqueous extract at a concentration
of (50 mg/ ml/ kg), T4 the fourth treatment was dosed with olive leaf aqueous extract at a
concentration of 25 mg/ ml/kg. T5, the fifth treatment, was dosed with an aqueous extract of
olive leaves at a concentration of (50 mg/ml /kg). The statistical analysis showed that the results
of productive qualities showed a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the treatment of fenugreek
50 mg/ mL/ kg compared to the control group throughout the experiment. As for the treatment of
aqueous extract of olive leaves (50 mg/ml /kg), represented by group T5, a significant decrease
in their rates was recorded in the fourth week and the total period of the experiment. As for the
the T2 and T3 coefficients recorded a significant decrease (p≤0.05) ،food conversion coefficient
in the third and fourth weeks compared to the control group.
, transaction T3 recorded a significant increase (P≤0.05) ، As for the average significant increase
, and a significant decrease was observed for olive ،in the second week and the total period
transactions T4 and T5 for the same period mentioned above. Also, all the coefficients of the
experiment recorded a significant decrease (P≤0.05) combined, and for the experiment, a
significant decrease is observed for the olive coefficients T5 compared to the coefficients T2, T3
and T4
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 138-151
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13413
The study was conducted at the University of Kirkuk / College of Agriculture in the fields of
the Department of Animal Production to study the effect of dosing with Hydroalcoholic Extract of
Turkish carob fruits and vitamin E on the semen characteristics of white male rabbits. Twenty
rabbits, aged 5-6 months, were randomly divided into four treatments, five rabbits for each.
Treatment, the first treatment rabbits (control group) were left without any dose, the second
treatment was dosed with Hydroalcoholic Extract of Turkish carob fruits at a dose of 200
mg/kg/day, the third treatment was given a water alcoholic extract of Turkish carob fruits at a dose
of 400 mg/kg/day the fourth treatment Dosing with vitamin E at a dose of 400 mg / kg / day.. The
results showed that the water-alcoholic extract of Turkish carob and vitamin E improved semen
characteristics for all study treatments compared to the control group . The second, third and fourth
treatments had a significant increase over the control group in improving ejaculate volume, sperm
concentration, and group and individual movement of sperm, which was offset by a significant
decrease in the percentages of dead and distorted sperms in all months of the study. We conclude
from this study the dosing with aqueous alcohol extract of Turkish carob fruits and vitamin E has
the ability to improve the semen characteristics of white male rabbits
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 152-165
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13414
The study was conducted at the University of Kirkuk / College of Agriculture in the fields of the
Department of Animal Production to study the effect of water-alcoholic extract of Indian ginseng
roots and vitamin E on the semen characteristics of white male rabbits.As 20 rabbits aged 5-6
months were randomly divided into four treatments, five rabbits for each treatment, the first
treatment rabbits (control group) were left without any dosing, the second treatment was dosed
with aqueous alcoholic extract of Indian ginseng root at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day, the third
treatment Dosing with aqueous alcoholic extract of Indian ginseng root at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day,
fourth treatment with Vitamin E at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day . The second, third and fourth
treatments had a significant increase over the control group in improving ejaculate volume, sperm
concentration, and group and individual movement of sperm, which was offset by a significant
decrease in the percentages of dead and distorted sperms in all months of the study. We conclude
from this study that dosing with aqueous alcohol extract of Indian ginseng and vitamin E has the
ability to improve the semen characteristics of white male rabbits
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 166-176
DOI:
10.589281/ku22.13415
This study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, Kirkuk
University / Department of Animal Production on 10/12/2021 until 15/11/2021. In order to study
the effect of using medicinal plant oils on some microbial characteristics of thigh and breast meat
for frozen local almonds for different periods at a temperature of -18°C, the meat was minced
separately from the thigh from the breast and the meat was mixed and naturalized, then divided
into five treatments, the first treatment (T1) The control treatment as it was not treated with any
additions, while cinnamon oil (concentration 0.25 ml ̸ kg meat) was added to the second treatment
(T2), and cinnamon oil (concentration 0.5 ml ̸ kg meat) was added to the third treatment (T3), and
ginger oil was added (concentration 0.25 ml/kg meat) to the fourth treatment (T4), adding ginger
oil (concentration 0.5 ml̸ kg meat) To the fifth treatment (T5), with three replications for each
treatment from the thigh and chest for each period, and it was stored by freezing at a temperature
of (-18) ° C for periods of 1, 15 and 30 days until conducting microbial tests. The study reached
the following results
The treatments to which cinnamon oil and ginger oil were added showed a significant (P<0.05)
decrease in the logarithm of the total number of bacteria and cryptophilic bacteria in comparison
with the control treatment of thigh meat of the local minced and frozen-stored almonds. As for
the interaction between the treatments and the effect of the freezing storage period and the effect
of the treatment, significant differences (P<0.05) were noted in all the studied treatments
compared with the control treatment .
As for the effect of freezing storage periods, the results were :
The length of the storage period had an increase in the logarithm of the total count of bacteria and
cryophilic bacteria as a result of the long storage period.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 177-191
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.134116
The effects that are implemented by OPLE on the in vitro production of methane, total gas and gas
production rate were determined. During this phase, the determination of the methane production and
gas (in vitro) was conducted. The diets (experimental) where Ctrl, T1 and T2 (0, 300 and 600 mg
OPLE \ kg DM diet). In this study, a noticeable lessening in the production of methane and gas (in
vitro) in OPLE groups for treatment was observed and analogized to a group whose feed was not
complemented with OPLE, known as the control group. Total gas production was significantly
(P<0.05) reduced by the experimental OPLE treatments which were for Ctrl, T1 and T2, 41.58, 38.67
and 38.27 (mL/250mg DM), respectively. And the gas production rate for Ctrl, T1 and T2 was 1.73,
1.61 and 1.59 (mL/hour of incubation), respectively, which are showing a significant (P<0.05)
reduction in OPLE treatment groups. Furthermore, OPLE supplement suppressed methane production
after 24 hours of incubation and the effect was significant (P<0.05).
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 192-199
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.134117
This study included the anatomical characteristics of the leaves of two
species Launeae mucronata L. and Picris babylonica L. belong to Asteraceae
family . The study included the dimensions of epidermal cells, stomata and
surface covering, as well as qualitative characteristics such as the shapes and
thickness of epidermal cells, which also had a great taxonomic value in
distinguishing between the two types, as it was noted that the average number
of stomata of the upper and lower epidermis between the two studied species.
A non – glandular trichomes with hook-shaped ends were observed on the
upper and lower epidermis of Picris babylonicaL and multicellular non –
glandular trichomes with rounded ends longer than the first one, while the upper and
lower epidermis in Launeae mucronata is devoid of trichomes.. It is worth noting
that the frequency of stomata and trichomes was estimated in each microscope
field under the power of magnification 40x (the number of stomata and
trichomes in each microscope field ) and Stomatal index was found for tow
studied species
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 200-212
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13418
This study was conducted in one of the private orchards It is located at latitude 35.53°
and longitude 44.38° in Alton Kobri sub-district of Dibs district, about (20) km away
from Kirkuk governorate, during the growing season (2020-2021). to study the effect
of six levels of summer pruning, the first level (T1) without pruning, the second level
(T2) removing the tops of the main branches after the decade and the third level (T3)
removing the tops of the main branches after the decade and the level Fourth (T4)
removing leaves and leaving (8) leaves for each fruit cluster, fifth level (T5) removing
leaves and leaving (10) leaves for each fruit cluster, sixth level (T6) removing leaves
and leaving (12) leaves for each fruit cluster. And the addition of three levels of humic
acid (0, 20 and 40) g. vine -1 and its symbol (H1, H2, H3) in sequence, in the growth
and yield characteristics of grape vines of the olive variety, and it was added a week
after the contract (25/5/2021). The experiment was carried out according to a
randomized complete block design with three sectors. The results obtained can be
summarized as follows:
First: summer pruning
1- The T6 level (leaving 12 leaves for each cluster) outperformed the summer pruning
in the percentage of sugars, phenols and anthocyanins over the rest of the levels
(14.12%, 0.73%, 0.73%) respectively.
2- The T1 level (comparison) was superior to the acidity percentage of the grains
(0.41%) over the rest of the levels.
Second: Humic acid
1- The level 40 g. Vine-1 of humic acid was superior in the percentage of sugars,
phenols, and anthocyanin pigments in the kernels (13.07%, 0.57%, 0.66%)
respectively.
2- Not adding humic acid level 1 (the comparison) led to an increase in acidity in the
grains (0.36%).
Third: the interactions between the workers in the study.
1- The interaction of the study factors reached a significant level in the effect of all the
studied traits except for the weight of 100 grains. The interaction treatment (T6H3) was
distinguished that it increased the values and for all the traits except for the acidity in
the comparison treatment (T1H1).
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 213-231
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13419
To determined chemical and physical properties for pomegranate fruits (cv. ‘Salakhani’)
over postharvest treatment with three Salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0, 2 and 4 mM) and
four storage periods (25, 50, 75 and 100 days) at 2-3°C with 85-95% relative humidity, fresh
pomegranate juice of every treatment was evaluate for TSS, TTA, TSS/TTA, Total sugar,
Anthocyanin, Vit. C, pH and Juice percentage. Fruit physical disorder such as weight loss,
chilling injury, chilling injury index, decay, scald, aril and peel moisture content were also
investigated after each treatment.
The results showed that the TSS, TSS/TTA ratio, Total sugar, Anthocyanin and Vit. C
increased significantly (p<0.05) throughout the treatment 2mM SA, however, the pH value for
complete fruit increased as a result of TTA (1.02 %) decreasing, despite the change within the
chemical properties of the juice, the percentage of juice didn’t differ significantly after
treatment fruits with (2 and 4mM) SA compared to the control, for decreasing weight loss,
chilling injury, chilling injury index, decay and scald 4 mM SA was more affective comparing
to control.
The results showed that most of chemical and physical disorder properties increased during
storage with increasing storage duration exception of peel moisture content.
The interaction between treatments with different concentrations of SA then storage fruits for
various periods led to the improvement of these characteristics, especially the concentration 2
mM and storage periods 25 and 50 days. Contrariwise, there have been decreases in (TTA)
throughout the storage duration 100 day at 4 mM SA.
Furthermore, aril and peel moisture content significantly change at majority of the storage
period 100day and 4 mM SA
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 232-243
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13420
The research included study of the effect of foliar spray of three concentrations (0, 30 and 60
mg.l-1) of chelated Iron (Fe – EDDHA) containing (6% iron) applied one time on April 25 and
three concentrations (0, 2 and 4 ml.L-1 ) of liquid organic nitrogen applied three time on April
22, May 7 and May 22, 2019 on the root and some vegetative growth and some vegetative
characteristics of Almond (Prunus amygdalus) seedlings grown in black poly ethylene bags
filled with loamy soil. A complete randomized block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates
each consisted of 5 seedlings was used to carry out this research. Thus, the number of seedlings
in this study was 135 seedlings. Data collected at the end of September 2019 indicated that the
spraying of chelated iron and organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer gave a significant increase in the
number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of leaves, leaf area, root
length, Root fresh and root weight when compared with the control
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 244-252
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13421
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types and concentration of plant
growth regulators (Cytokinins: Kinetin and Benzyl adenine (BA) at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg.l-
1) on shoot proliferation of Pyracantha coccinea and auxin (indole-3- butyric acid) (IBA at 0, 0.5
and 1 mg.l-1) and different carbon sources (Sucrose and Glucose) with ½ and full MS salt strength
in root formation. The results obtained from this study indicate that the greatest number shoots and
leaves per explant were acquired when BA was 2.5 mg/l-1, which gave 8 shoots and 54.33 leaves
respectively. In the rooting stage, the greatest number of roots per explant was obtained when half
MS salt strength was used with Sucrose and 1mg.l-l IBA, which gave 11.33 roots/explant. Up to
83% of shoots were rooted. plantlets of P. coccinea with roots were successfully acclimatized with
a survival rate of 80% in sand, 95% in peatmoss and 85% in sand + peatmoss. This procedure can
be adopted for P. coccinea in vitro propagati
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 253-268
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13422
This study in a private orchard at Zardak village in the Altun Kupri district, Kirkuk Governorate,
Iraq on 27 of the "Khalobaziani" local fig trees was conducted in 2021. The trees were sprayed
with Moringa leaves extract (MLE) at (0, 2, and 4 ml.L-1) and Garlic cloves extract (GCE) at (0,
10 and 20 ml.L-1) until complete wetness. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was
utilized within the factorial experiments with two factors with three replicates. Results showed that
trees sprayed with all concentrations of both extracts caused an increase in the diameter of the fruit
more than in the control fruits. Significant differences in all properties studied were observed in
the fruits sprayed with 2 and 4 ml.L-1 of MLE and 10 and 20 ml.L-1 of GCE they significantly
distinguished over the control treatment in the fruit moisture content, TSS, TSS/TA ratio, glucose,
fructose, vitamin C and pH. while the control treatment recorded the lowest fruit moisture content,
TSS, TSS/TA ratio, glucose and fructose content, vitamin C, and pH. Moreover, a significant
decrease in fruits TA content was found due to spraying with MLE or GCE compared to the control
treatment
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 269-277
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13423
Eighteen (18) surface soil samples were collected from six sites in Mateen mountain, from
three different locations (ARIZ, BAMARNI, BIBADI) in Duhok governorate, North of Iraq. The
research aimed to study the potassium form status and its relationship with the soil's Physicochemical
properties. The result indicated that the soils were alkaline, and electrical conductivity
ranged between (0.4-0.6) ds.m-1 is a normal range. Moreover, the highest value of organic matter
and cation exchange capacity CEC was found in forest soil (4.68%,32.66 cmol+.kg), respectively,
than in Grassland (1.92%, 19.38 cmol+.kg). Most soils ranged between clay to clay loam in soil
texture; according to land use, there is a highly significant difference between all forms of
potassium K (soluble K, available K, exchangeable K, total K) in forest soil than in Grassland
except non-exchangeable K form. While the distribution of potassium forms depending on
location, the water-soluble K was higher in Bibadi and Bamarni (0.108 and 0.085) cmol+.kg
respectively as compared to Arize. However, there was no significant difference between
available K and exchangeable K, non-exchangeable potassium in forest soil more than in
Grassland, and total Potassium was higher in Ariza and Bibadi locations compared to the Bamarni
area. The predictability of potassium forms depended on soil properties; organic matter, cation
exchange capacity CEC, and clay content.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 278-308
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.134024
This study aimed to produce drinking yogurt using a lactic acid bacteria starter (Streptococcus
thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) with different concentrations of aqueous aromatic
medicinal plant extracts garlic: )0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8%) and mint: )1%, 2.5% and 4%) . The treatments
were stored up to 21 days at 4 ± 1 ° C . The physicochemical properties were studied, which included
the measurement of (pH, total acidity, and viscosity) and microbiological examinations represented
by counting the (starter bacteria, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as yeasts and molds) and
sensory characteristics were measured after manufacturing on the first day , 7, 14 and 21 days of
storage. The results showed that there were no significant differences in pH values immediately after
manufacturing for all treatments. As for the percentage of total acidity (TTA), it was close to
immediately after manufacturing for all the different drinking yogurt treatments, while during storage,
a clear increase in their values was observed for all transactions. As for the viscosity values,
significant differences were found in their values immediately after manufacturing and during cold
storage and for all treatments. The results showed that the addition of aqueous extracts to the drinking
yogurt did not affect the numbers of starter bacteria and their activity throughout the storage period
compared to the control sample. Also, the results showed that the superiority of concentrations (2.5%)
for mint and (0.2%) for garlic in the sensory evaluation of the characteristics of taste, flavor, texture
and general acceptance
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 309-321
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13425
A field experiment was carried out in the winter season 2021-2022 in Nineveh
Governorate in two locations, the first in Al-Hamdaniya district, and the second in the
Mosul district (Region AL haawe) to know the effect of adding Nano amino acids on
the growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was applied
by using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) by the factorial experiment
system with two factors, the first factor was three cultivars of bread wheat (Adana 99,
Tal Afar and Jihan) and the second factor was two times of Nano amino acids
application (the first date in the vegetative growth stage, the second date in the flowering
stage), with three replications. Some characteristics of vegetative growth, (plant height
cm and area of the flag leaf ( however, the grain yield and its components (No of spikes.
m-2, spike length.cm, No of grains in the spike, 1000 grains weight.g, grain yield g.m-2
and the biological yield g.m-2). The results showed that the two cultivars Adana 99 and
Tal Afar were superior over Jihan cultivar in most of the traits studied (plant height cm,
No of spikes. m-2, No of grains in the spike, 1000 grains weight. g and grain yield g.m-
2) in the two study locations. As for The application time of amino acids spraying, the
first date of spraying at the vegetative growth stage was significantly superior in most
of the studied traits, which including grain yield with an average of (423.1 and 452.46
g.m-2) for the two experiment locations , respectively. The second spraying date at the
flowering stage was significantly superior in the traits spike length and 1000 grains
weight with an average of (8.22 cm and 37.15g), respectively, in Al-Hamdaniya site.
And the 1000 grains weight with an average of (37.48g) for the Mosul location
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 322-345
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13426
This study was conducted during two seasons 2020-2021and 2021-2022 at two main different locations of
Sulaimani, and Halabja governorate; each with some sub-locations, to estimate green forage yield, dry forage
yield, dry matter percentage and animal unit. The result confirmed the highest plant height of grasses were
recorded in Sulamani location; however, Halabja location provided highest plant height for legumes for the
two seasons. In regarding to the effect of seasons on plant height, the second season was taller than the first
season for grasses and legumes. Maximum green yield, dry yield and dry matter percentage exhibited in
Sulaimani location for two seasons. Regarding seasonal effect, the second season exceeded the first season in
green and dry yields and dry matter percentage; Maximum total forage yield and animal unit in 3 months
provided maximum value by Sulamani location for both seasons. Results of chemical analysis for the grass
plants showed that there were differences between two locations. The Sulamani location gave the maximum
percentage of protein, phosphorus and calcium content. In which Halabja location was recorded maximum
value for carbohydrate, Potassium, and ash content for the first season. While for legumes, plants recorded
highest value for protein, phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and ash content except carbohydrate content gave
high value at Halabja location. In the relevant of the effect of seasons on chemical components for grass plants,
the second season 2021-2022 predominated the first season in the chemical contents of protein, carbohydrate,
phosphorus, potassium, calcium and ash. Whereas for legume plants the second season also gave maximum
value for all contents, excepted protein content recorded high value in the first season
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 346-354
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13427
This experiment had been conducted at directorate of agriculture research in
sulaymaniyah province for two winter growing seasons 2019/2020/ and 2020/ 2021. The
experiment was on three bread wheat varieties ( Sulaymani2, Wafia and Rizgary)with three
rates of seeding (30, 40, 50)kg/ donum. This experiment was carried out by using Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) in Factorail experiment with three replications. The aim of
this study was to indicate the best wheat seeding rate under sulaymaniyah environment. The
result of combined analysis of variances show that the interaction between varieties and years
was highly significances of all traits despite the seed yield and biological attributes. Effect of
years doesn’t shown any significance of seed yield and number of seed per spikes, but the
interaction between seed rate and varieties (seed rate x varieties) and (seed rate x varieties x
years) doesn’t show any significance of variations despite of specific weight of seeds show
significance in three interactions. Rizgary variety was show high significance comparing, by
other two varieties. In the interaction between varieties, seed rate and years, Rizgary show
highest plant and higher biological yields by 88.73 cm, 13.437 ton/ hectare-1, 44.5gm weight of
1000 kernel and 82.16 kg. hectoliter. On the other hand ( Sulaymani2 variety show higher seed
yield by 3.873ton/ hectare comparing by other two varieties. Also, Wafia variety show high
seed number per spikes by 59.66 seed and protein ratio by 17.87% comparing by ( Sulaymani2
and Rizgary varieties. Regarding the seed rate in this study 50 kg /donum seed rate was shown
high significance in all components yield, seed ingredients, hectoliter, yield and test weight
comparing by other two seed rates. The three interaction and two interactions of seed rates and
variety traits indicate the stability of variety in two years . The study result indicates that (
Sulaymani2 and Rizgary varieties were shown significances of 50 kg/ donum than 40 kg and
30 kg per donum.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 355-363
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13428
In order to reach the best date for planting the barley crop after spraying the herbicide
Trflan with different concentrations, this study was conducted during the agricultural
season 2020-2021 at the Agricultural Technical College / Mosul. The experiment was
applied on the factorial system of experiments, in RCBD, with three replications. The
first factor: the planting date after spraying the herbicide and at three levels (cultivation
immediately after spraying, cultivation one week after spraying the herbicide,
cultivation two weeks after spraying the herbicide) . The second factor: the
concentration of the herbicide at four levels (0, 2200, 2600, 3000) cm3 . ha-1. , (which
is the control treatment, less than the recommended concentration, the recommended
concentration and higher than the recommended concentration) .The results obtained
are summarized as follows:
- The cultivation after a week of spraying the herbicide Treflan achieved the best results
in all the studied traits.
- The use of a low concentration of Treflan (2200 cm3.ha-1) achieved the best results
compared to high concentrations.
- The interaction between the sowing date was achieved after a week of spraying the
herbicide, Treflan, with a concentration of 2200 cm3. ha-1 has the best results and for
all studied traits.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 364-381
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13429
A factorial experiment was conducted in the winter season 2021-2022 At the Daquq research
station to find out the effect of three concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5) g-1 of compound nanofertilizer
NPK and the response of ten flax genotypes to some growth traits and components
yield. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations and path coefficient analysis. The
phenotypic correlation had a significant effect with the plant height and stem diameter which
amounted to -0.454*, -0.416* respectively with the grain yield at the fertilizer concentration
(0), the number of main branches, and the biological yield with the grain yield which amounted
to 0.373*, -0.367* at the fertilizer concentration (5). The total effects of the path coefficient for
all traits were very high for the trait of the biological yield which amounted to 1.52221, and
high for the number of secondary branches, which amounted to 0.81608 at the fertilizer
concentration (0) g-1. As for the total effects for all traits, their values were very high for stem
diameter biological yield and harvest index, which amounted to 1.09091, 1.10793, 1.00825,
Respectively and high for the number of seeds per capsule which amounted to 0.41652, at a
fertilizer concentration (2.5) g-1, and the total effects for all traits were Its values were very high
for the biological yield and harvest index, as it reached 1.21802, 2.6266, Respectively and high
for the stem diameter which reached 0.5223, at the fertilizer concentration (5) g-1. The
phenotypic variance was significant for all studied traits at the fertilizer concentration (0, 2.5,
and 5). The values of heritability were high for chlorophyll index, plant height, number of
secondary branches per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield at fertilizer concentration
(0), and for chlorophyll index plant height stem diameter number of main branches number of
secondary branches number of capsules and weight of 1000 seeds. The biological yield and the
harvest index at the fertilizer concentration (2.5), the harvest index the plant height the number
of main branches, the number of secondary branches, the number of seeds in the capsule, the
weight of 1000 seeds, and the biological yield at the fertilizer concentration (5). The expected
genetic advance as a percentage was high for the number of capsules per plant and the biological
yield at the fertilizer concentration (0), the number of secondary branches the number of
capsules per plant the weight of 1000 seeds the biological yield at the fertilizer concentration
(2.5) g and the biological yield at the fertilizer concentration (5)
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 382-397
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13430
Afield experiment was conducted in the autumn agricultural season (2020) in Kirkuk
governorate, Hawija district, Ghazieh village, in a sandy alluvial texture soil. The study included two
factors one was intercropping system ( sesame alone ) and( mung alone ) (1 sesame row +1 mung
row ) and (2 sesame row +2 mung row ) and (3 mung row + 3 sesame row) and (2 sesame row + 4
mung row) The second factor was fertilizers combination of (0 N+ 0 P), (N 80 + P 30 ), ( N80 + P60
) and (N160 + P 30) (N 160 + P60 kg h-1 ) The experiment was carried out as randomized complete
block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed significant differences between the
treatments in all studied traits of sesame, Wheres as observed superiority of the intercropping system
in all the studied traits unless plant height in which was superior in single planting at fertilizer
combinedof (30 P + 80 N) kg. h-1 on all system of intercropping which was (149.33) cm , Also there
were significant differences between the interaction of the mung which shwoed superiority of
intercropping treatment in all studied unless weight of (300) grains , While there werent differences
for intercropping systems
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 398-411
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13431
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of random and controlled traffic of farming machinery during the agricultural operations on some mechanical and soil properties. The indicators that related to agricultural tractor (mechanization indicators) were draught capacity, fuel consumption, depth stability ratio; and Soil Bulk Density (SBD) was also measured before and after the experiment. The experiment was conducted during the spring agricultural season of 2022 in one of the farms that located about 30 km Northwest Mosul city - Nineveh Governorate - Iraq. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for data analyses with four replications (n=4). The experimental site was divided into two main blocks based on the investigated factors (1) tire pressure (8 psi) and (15 psi); and (2) number of traffic (no pass, one pass, two passes, three passes). These factors were studied at two different soil textures (clay soil, silty loam soil). Duncan's multiple range test was utilized to compare between the means at a 5% probability level. The results showed that Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) system represented by zero-traffic has achieved the best values (P< 0.05) for all studied indicators. Soil bulk Density was significantly better with no-pass system compared to the one-pass, two-passes and three-passes, at approximately 16%, 19% and 20%, respectively. Energy requirements when using CTF system (no-pass) were also reduced by 29%, 33%, 41% compared to the one-pass, two-pass and three-pass system, respectively
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 412-427
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13432
Soil compaction is one of the main problems that many agricultural lands facing globally. Soil compaction is affected by several factors, the main of which are soil moisture and the applied pressure on the soil as a result of the of agricultural machinery traffic. Therefore, this study was aimed to find out the effect of soil moisture content and tractor traffic on studied indicators (drawbar power, fuel consumption, slippage percentage, specific energy, soil resistance to cutting and shaping, dry bulk density, porosity), The experiment was carried out in the autumn agricultural season (2021-2022), in one of the fields of Wana sub-district (the village of Qara Kharab) of the Mosul district, which is about (20) km away from it. The field was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the factor experiment managed based on split-split block design with four replications. The main plots were allocated to soil moisture with two levels (17-20)%, and sub-plots were allocated to farming systems at two levels also (Random Traffic Farming (RTF), Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF)), Duncan's multiple-range test was used to compare the means at the (0.05) probability level. The results showed that moisture content of 17% compared with 20%, significantly reduced soil resistance to cutting and shaping and fuel consumption by (40%, 49%) respectively. CTF compared with RTF, significantly decreased the power requirement indicators by (15%, 27%, 30%, 31%,32%) for slippage, specific energy, fuel consumption, drawbar power, and soil resistance to cutting and shaping, respectively
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 443-455
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13433
The experiment was conducted in the year 2021 – 2022 in one of the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry, in the district of Mosul / governorate of Nineveh - Iraq.
The topography of the field was characterized by its flatness, and the soil was of a (clay) texture. The research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of
Three factors to add fuel improved type (diesel smoke stop ) from the German company (LIQUI MOLY) subsoiler plow wing vibration and Three speed for the engine ( 1000 &1500 & 2000) r/min, to know the effect of this on the farm tractor driver’s seat vibration and noise characteristics.
Actually experiment was conducted using a ( Randomized Complete Block Design ) and plates system
( Split – Split plot design ) On this basis, the experiment was divided into 12 treatments with (3) replications for each treatment and 36 experimental units, and the length of the treatment was (90 meters) and with a constant plowing depth (40 - 45 cm). using Duncan's multiple range test at the 0.05 probability level to test Significant differences between the averages of different treatments .The results indicated that there were significant positive data for all traits, using enhancer fuel compared to without the enhancer.
The results showed a significant increase in the vibrations of the driver's seat
Agricultural tractor and noise with vibration of the wings of a plow subsoiler. However, the driver's seat vibration values remained for vibration subsoiler plow wings within the directive of the European Parliament and the European Council and the measurements approved by ( ISO 2631-5 in 2004) Besides, increasing engine speeds led to increases noise, and vibrations under the seat of agricultural tractor driver, as well as the results indicate the superiority of the fuel added to it enhancer and vibration wings at all tractor speeds of engine to record the lowest vibration ratios for the agricultural tractor driver's seat. Through the study, it can be concluded that the addition of enhancer to diesel fuel led to improvement tractor performance of agricultural tractor.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 456-463
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13434
Preserving the crops seeds is very important procedure to the farmers and breeders. Because it’s
reducing the contamination of these seeds with the aflatoxin during the post and pre harvest the crops.
The Current study was carried out in October 2019, in the crop production department, Agricultural
research center in Sulaymaniyah province. Fifteen Kg of local wheat (Slemani) was provided from
the crop science department. Five levels of garlic powder was used (0, 2, 5, 10, 15)% to find suitable
concentration during the storage seed. The samples were taken for in three times (1 day, 6 months,
and 18 months) to test the seed contamination with toxins and calculate the seed germination. Our
result show there is significant effect (p<0.05) of adding garlic powder with 15 concentrations on the
T2 toxin. In conclusion its possible to use the garlic powder with 15% for reducing the effect of toxin
in storage wheat seeds.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2022, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 464-475
DOI:
10.58928/ku22.13435
The research aims to analyze the impact of transaction costs resulting from the
purchase of haulers in a deferred payment method on the profitability of wheat and barley
farmers in the province of Baghdad. To achieve this goal, a stratified sample was selected that
included 150 farmers of wheat and barley farmers in the governorate, and the data was collected
through a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose. The research followed the descriptive
and quantitative method in analyzing the data and extracting the required results The results of
the logistic regression analysis showed that some elements of transaction cost such as
uncertainty and privacy have an important role in choosing the futures market for agricultural
pullers. The results of the multiple regression of the estimated farm profit model for drawers’
services also showed that the purchase decision in terms of transaction costs had a significant
effect on the farm profit of the studied sample. The research recommended the need to reduce
privacy, as it directly affects transaction costs, and the implementation of the agreed terms of
the contract should be adhered to according to their agreed timings, as the increase in the feature
of uncertainty directly affects transaction costs
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14101
This research was conducted to identify the level of environmental knowledge among farmers during farming practice in the Sharzour Plain, Sulaimani governorate, to identify the correlation between the level of environmental knowledge and the independent variables. The research population included all farmers in the villages of Shahrzour district in the Sulaimani governorate, whose number is (2735) farmers distributed in (47) villages, A simple random sample was taken from the villages at a rate of (51%) at the rate of (24) villages, and the number of farmers in these villages reached (1615) farmers, Then a simple random sample (20%) was taken from the research population, so research sample size was (323) farmers, The results showed that most of the respondents had a mid-level of knowledge tending to go down, also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of environmental knowledge and each variable of the following (age, level of education, Sources of agricultural information, size of farm holding, Environmental training courses, participation in environmental activities), while no significant relationship appeared between the level of environmental knowledge and the variables (Years of experience in agriculture, type of farm holding, farmers' attitudes towards environmental protection). Therefore, the researcher suggests escalating training courses in the field of agricultural environment, for the agricultural extension body to disseminate knowledge and experience related to the development of the agricultural environment.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14102
The effect of the extract on the transport stress of broiler chickens transported during different seasons of the year was experimentally studied. During the months of February, March, July, August, and different regions of Iraq, with a density of 10 or 12 birds per cage, as the Ross 308 birds were divided into 10 treatments per move and three replicates for each treatment. The T1 treatment was control without spraying, and the number of birds was 10 in the cage. T2 control without spraying and the number of birds 12 in the cage. T3 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2% and the number of birds is 10 in the cage. T4 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4% and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T5 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6% and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T6 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2%. The number of birds is 12 in the cage. T7 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4%. The number of birds is 12 in the cage. T8 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6% and the number of birds is 12 in the cage. T9 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a concentration of 6%, the number of birds is 10 per cage. T10 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a concentration of 6%. The number of birds is 12 per cage ,The birds were sprayed for 5 minutes before the transfer process, according to the above treatments, and the duration of one transfer was 240 minutes ± 10 minutes, from the results of the field experiment, it can be noted that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the rate of weight loss during the months of February and March, as the spraying treatments T5, T9, T10 recorded (81, 76, 78) grams, respectively, compared with the treatments T1, T2 (108, 109) grams, respectively, and this was reflected in the percentage of weight loss, as it recorded T5,T9, and T10 (3.01, 2.90, 3.19)% compared to the treatments T1, T2 (4.04, 4.07)%. While T5,T9 and T10 recorded (319.95,300.20, 308.10) Iraqi dinars are the least financial losses for the month of March, but during the summer season, it is noted that the lost weight decreased during the months of July and August in transactions T5,T9and T10 (186,180, 187,) gm, respectively, compared with T1, T2 (216, 220) gm Respectively, it is also noted that the percentage of loss in these transactions decreased, as it recorded T5,T9, T10, (7.71,7.11, 7.36,)%, respectively. It is noted that financial losses decreased in these transactions during the month of August, as it recorded T5, T9 and T10 (734.70, 711.00, 738.65) Iraqi dinars, respectively, compared with T1, T2 (853.200, 869.00) Iraqi dinars, respectively
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14104
This study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture at Kirkuk University for the period from 6/14/2021 to 7/30/2022. 750 quail chicks were supplied from the Poultry Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department in Abu Ghraib. The chicks were fed the starter ration until the age of 30 days, and then they were fed the production ration. At the age of 4 weeks, the chicks were vaccinated with the attenuated Newcastle vaccine, and the chicks were divided into six experimental treatments: the first treatment represented the negative control group that was not vaccinated and did not have the amino acid arginine added to it, the second treatment represented the positive control group whose chicks were vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine with no arginine added to their diet As for the third and fourth treatments, they were vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine with the addition of 5% arginine higher than the bird's needs. The fifth and sixth treatments represented groups of birds vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine, while feeding the birds with diets to which the amino acid arginine was added, 10% higher than the bird's needs. A week after the initial immunization, the bird was vaccinated again with Newcastle vaccine, and the immune level was examined by the agglutination test to find out the level of the birds' immune response, dividing them into two levels of high immune response and low immune response. This process was repeated for the next three generations. The characteristic of egg production at the age of 90 and 120 days, and the egg mass was recorded. The data were analyzed according to the general linear model method using the ready-made statistical program SAS. The genetic equivalent and the genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated. The characteristics of egg production decreased until the age of 90 and 120 days, as well as the mass of eggs at the age of 120 days, compared to the base population (21.61 vs. 34.84), (22.01 vs. 26.53), (323.47 vs. 545.97), respectively. The egg mass was significantly affected by the level of immunity and the percentage of added arginine, where the highest value of the egg mass was for birds selected for the high immune level and to which arginine was added by 10% higher than the needs of the bird. Estimates of genotyped egg production at 90 and 120 days of age and egg mass at 120 days of age were (0.64, 0.65 and 0.21), respectively. The results showed weak genetic correlations (0.0263) between egg production at the age of 90 days and egg production at the age of 120 days, but the phenotypic correlations were high (0.6248) between egg production at the age of 90 days and egg production at the age of 120 days. The current study indicates that the selection of birds according to the immune response against Newcastle disease led to decrease in egg production and egg mass. Addition the Arginine amino acid did not increase production at the age of 90 and 120 days. While the addition of arginine 10% led to an increase in the egg mass.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14105
In this study, eight genotypes of flax (Linum Usitatissimum L.) were used (Sakha 1, Sakha 2, Sakha 3, Sakha 5, Sakha 6, Syrian, Giza and Poloni) and their half crosses obtained according to the second method proposed by Griffing (1956). Genotypes (8 parents + 28 hybrids) were planted in the fields of the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk in the winter season (2021-2022) according to randomized complete design (RCBD) with three replications to study the studied traits (plant height, number of days flowering 50%, and number of days contracting 50 %, number of days of physiological maturity, number of branches, number of capsules, number of capsule seeds, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index). The hybrids (Sakha 5 × Sakha 6), (Sakha 1 × Giza 8) and (Sakha 1 ×thorshansity72) outperformed in hybrid heterosis based on the deviation of the second generation of the mean parents in the desired direction in the number of days to flowering, set, maturity, seed yield and harvest index. The hybrid (Sakha 2 × thorshansity72) excelled in the vigor of the hybrid based on the deviation of the second generation of the best parents for the traits of the number of days, flowering, knot, maturity, the number of seeds in the capsule and the biological yield, enables the follow-up of solitary generations and selection according to the breeding method determined by the genetic action of these traits.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14106
The results of the questionnaire for ten agricultural materials specialized in the control of the gnat insect in the center of Mosul, including the advisory office of the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul (University of Mosul) in all neighborhoods and regions of the city of Mosul on its right and left sides, Some of these injuries were recent, while others were recorded in previous years and that the degrees of infection or the level of presence of this insect among the neighborhoods of Mosul have Distributed between weak injury (1-3 houses / neighborhood), compensation (4-10 houses / neighborhood), and severe (more than 10 houses / neighborhood) , Where these ranges were developed based on the results of the questionnaire The highest average of infection for the right side of Mosul was for the neighborhoods of July 17, Al-Jawsaq, while the infection was weak in the neighborhoods of Al-Mamoun, Wadi Hajar, Al-Dawasa, Al-Nabi Sheet, Ras Al-Jada, Al-Zanjili, and Old Mosul. As for the areas of the left side, the highest average of infection was In the friendly neighborhoods, flowers, nationalization, Baath, Sumer, unity, charter, police, Arab, Palestine, banks, millions, finance, cultural group, University of Mosul. While the infection was weak in the neighborhoods of Aden, Al-Karamah, Jerusalem, Al-Intisar, Al-Salam, Nabi Younis, Algeria.
The results of the field survey indicate that termites attack many different plants according to the areas included in the study, stalk namely Platan occidentalis trees (Mosul forests), stalk Silybum marianum bush (Hammam Al-Alil district), stalk sunflower crop Helianthus annuus (Bashiqa district), and fruit peel Cucumis melo (Cucumis melo) watermelon (Wana district). And that) and the root tomato Solanum betaceum (Zummar district).
The results of the diagnosis of termite samples sent to the Museum of Natural History at the University of Baghdad showed that all samples sent to different places where they were collected, the diagnosis proved that they belong to the species Microcerotermes diversus Silv. With the exception of sample No. (4) taken from the sunflower plant, Helianthus annuus, in the Al-Fadiliyah region of Bashiqa district, where it was of the type Amitermes villis Hagen.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14107
The study was conducted in the forest nursery of the Department of Forestry / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul, The results showed that the number of ground workers varied significantly among them according to the stations and the date of examination, and that the first appearance of the workers inside these traps was in the fourth week of April, with an average of 26.67 99 workers / station at the averages of 29 °C and 64.7% for the temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The number of worker bees reached its peak on 1/5 with an average of 99 workers / station at the mean averages of 33°C and 60% for the temperature and relative humidity, respectively. After that, the numbers of these workers continued to gradually decrease in numbers to disappear (zero / station), in the last week of June and the first week of July 1/7/2021, at averages of 42 °C and 33% of the temperature and relative humidity, respectively.
To reappear again and forcefully, at the beginning of the second week of September, with an average of 134.67 workers / station, at an average of 38 °C and 30% of the temperature and relative humidity. The presence of this insect continued after that during the months of October and the first week of November, to disappear again. again during the second week of November, specifically on 112021/15/, and for all used bait stations (zero / station), at averages of 25 °C and 60% of the temperature and relative humidity, respectively.
The results of the study of the correlation between temperatures and relative humidity on the one hand, and the number of these workers during the study period 2021 showed that there was a negative and insignificant correlation (-0.212) between the number of land workers and the average temperature, while the correlation was positive and insignificant (0.227 +) between the number of ground workers and humidity Relativity.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
In Press
DOI:
10.58928/ku23.14108
Sunflower is an important field crop. However, heat stress decreases seed quality and productivity of it. The aim of this study was to enhance growth, seed yield and germination of the crop throgh applying different sowing dates and spraying abscisic acid. This work was carried out at Department of Field Crops Research Station- College of Agriculture- University of Tikrit. It included two factors, three sowing dates (1/3, 15/3 and 30/3) and four concentrations of abscisic acid (0, 50, 150 and 300 mg L-1). The experiment was applied using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results showed a significant effect of the two factors and the interaction between factors on all the studied characteristics except the impact of sowing date on seed germination and speed. The highest values of means were at early planting and the highest concentration of abscisic acid. Early planting and application of abscisic acid under heat stress supports the growth, seed yield and germination of sunflower crop.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2016, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 41-59
Abstract
The study was conducted for the period from 01/07/2012 to 06/31/2013 inside the corridors of the University of Tikrit and selected greenery of the College of Agriculture to carry out the study, which included a statement the efficiency of green spaces to provide the requirements of thermal comfort and the ability to control the wind and reduce the impact of dust and the degree of control of solar radiation and optical reflections and glare and noise as well as air pollution control , and multiple methods were used to assess based on climate data and previous theoretical standards as well as the climatic measurements for the experiment, as has been the adoption of viewing visual way to monitor certain environmental elements . And can be summarized as the most important findings of the study that there is no month of the year is located entirely in the area comfortable for humans, as well as variations of environmental climate elements such as wind and refle- ctions and glare and noise affected the efficiency of the use and then put the proposed solutions to reduce them to improve the functional efficiency of climate and environmental impacts of green spaces.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2017, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 22-36
This study was conducted with a view to the possibility of knowing the effect of exposing the hatching eggs before brood in hatcheries Magnetic field and see its impact on some reproductive traits. This study used 600 eggs for hatching breed (Rose 308) They were randomly divided in three replicates. It established ( 120) eggs to study the characteristics of embryonic development and 480 eggs to study the breed offspring, The exposure hatching eggs before incubation to the magnetic field intensity 18 mT (1800 Gauss) periods (zero, 15 ,30 and 45) minute gave the following indicators. The results indicated no significant effect (p≤0.05) of hatching eggs by exposing his lap when a magnetic field of the study of embryonic development during the first week of the incubator (Embryo weigh, Amnion, Chorio- Allantoic, Yolk Sac and its membrane, albumins, egg shell weight) The results showed significant superiority in length the embryo to relatively weighs in favor of treatments T2 and T4 . In the second week of embryonic development during incubation results showed no significant difference in recipes (Embryo weigh, Yolk Sac and its, albumins and egg shell weight), Significant increase in the proportion of liquid Chorio- Allantoic Embryo length ratios of weight in favor of the transaction T2, T3 and T4, and a significant decline in the percentage of transactions Amnion exposure to magnetic field T2, T3 and T4 . The results also indicated the lack of a significant effect of the percentage of egg weight loss during the first week and second week and day 18 of incubation in the hatchery and chick hatched weight the proportion of, While the treatment of T2 recorded a significant decline in the percentage of weight loss of eggs to show a magnetic field for a period (1-18 days) of incubation in the hatchery, significant increase in the ratio of length the chick hatched chick weight the proportion of in favor of treatment T3. The observed results decline a significant to mortality rate embryonic (1-6 days of incubation) in favor of treatment T3, significant increase in the mortality rate of embryonic (7-18) days recorded treatment T4, a significant decrease of the mortality rate of embryonic (19-21) days found in two treatments T3 and T4 , either in fetal mortality rate overall (1-21) days and the results showed a significant decline in favor of treatment T3, and for a significant decline in the proportion of whites clicking two treatments T3 and T4. The results showed a significant increase in the proportion of the total hatched eggs in favor of treatment T2 and hatched the proportion of fertilized eggs in favor of treatment T3. As for the different periods of hatched of the day (20-21) of hatching process results showed the superiority of a significant in the hatched the proportion of fertilized eggs of period (487 hours) for the treatment T4, and high a significant in hatchability of hours (494 hours) for the treatment of T2, and the superiority of a significant recorded T3 treatment of hatchability during the time (508 hours) from day 21 of the hatched period. The results indicated no significant effect of exposing the eggs hatching before his lap magnetic field on the chick hatched weight and the proportion of newly internal organs and edible palm, P.C.V % , hemoglobin, glucose and total protein. While it was observed and no significant increase in the concentration of blood calcium the proportion of in favor of the treatment T3 and T4 , a significant decrease in the concentration of cholesterol for the treatment of T4 compared to control.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2013, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 16-39
The study was conducted at the vegetable field, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq, during the spring season of 2007 and 2008 to investigate the responses of five summer squash cultivars namely local cultivar, Asma, Nadi, Tala and Zucchini to three concentrations of Licorice (0.0 ,1.5, 3.0) gl-1 so the experiment involved 15 treatments arranged in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates.The result could be summarized that foliar spraying with Licorice extract at 3.0gl-1 gave significant increase in seeds weight fruit-1 and the total yield of seed in both seasons, whereas, number of fruits held for seeds extraction were increased significantly during the season of 2007 only. Local and Tala cultivars were significantly superior over the weight of seeds fruit-1 during 2007, but in 2008 season Tala cv. was distinguished giving the highest value in seeds weight fruit-1 accounted 76.54 g which varied significantly with Asma cv. only. On the other hand, the Local cv. was characterized upon the studied cultivars in the seeds yield during 2007 season, whereas, during 2008 the superiority cultivars over (Local, Zucchini, and Tala) which gave (130.02 , 130.71 and 146.69) g plant-1 respectively .
The best interaction treatment in seeds yield plant-1 was (3.0 g l-1 Licorice in local cv.) which had a significant difference as compared with other treatments recorded (94.31) g in 2007 season ,while in 2008 it was noticed that Tala cv. + 3.0 g l-1 licorice produced the highest seeds yield 155.57 gplant-1.The total seeds yield was significantly correlated with, weight of 1000 seeds and seed length in both two seasons .The traits seed length and weight of 1000 seeds exhibited direct effect on the total seeds yield, and had indirect effect on the seeds yield through the other traits.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2016, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 42-50
Abstract
This study was carried out at the Poultry farm of Animal Resource, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University from 28/3/2013 to 2/6/2013 The present study was conducted to explore the usage of different levels of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seeds powder and aqueous extract to Performance, Physiological and producing of the Broiler Chickens, used in the experiment 525 chicks of broiler non-naturalized hybrids (Hubbard), day-old. The chicks were distributed randomly to seven treat- ments each treatment has three replicate and each replicate has 25 chicks were as follows:
T1. Control without any addition, T2.T3.T4. Add Neem seeds powdered to feed ratios of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g / kg feed respectively, T5.T6.T7. Add extract Neem seeds to drinking water rates 20.30 and 40 ml / liter of water respectively, The results of the study showed that:
No significant differences (P <0.05) forred and white blood cells, PCV (%) andhemoglobin concentration of among all experimental treatments, the results showed a significant decrease (p <0.05) inserumglucoseconcentration level with no significant difference to the level of uric acid, the concentration of total protein, albumin and total globulin among all treatments.
The results showed significant reducing (p <0.05) in cholesterol and enzymes (GOT and GPT) concentrationof the treatments add the Neem seeds to the feed or drinking water, compared to the control group, the absence of significant differences (p <0.05) in each of the villus length and depth of the crypts and the relationship between them for the ileum of broiler chickens between different groups.
We conclude from this study use of Neem seed powder or aqueous extracts did not have a negative impact on traits of blood and has had a positive impact on the functions of the liver and the concentration of cholesterol.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2013, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 103-111
The conducted study on five apiaries located in Mosul city and its environs appeared fungi infection to the wintering hives which belong to this species: Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium notatum, Penicillium crysogenum, and these mentioned fungi damage the food content of the hives, and caused pollution and toxicity to internal bee hive air with fungal chonidia after purifying them and culturing in pure colonies for identifying and diagnosing of the fungi laboratory in the plant protection department, college of agriculcure and forestry/ Mosul university, The study also been the average number of high infection for hives frames and infection separately to these was to the hives which doen wintering to her hives by using poly ethelene sacs covering which give the mean 76.33% from apiary frames and the mean 0.710 respectively, and the lowest for the hives that used the goot sacs covering by the mean 17.00% and the mean 0.153 from apiary frames respectively, by examining the locations of these hives and the number of hives subjected to wintering and the average number of infection frames and infection separety of any infection apiary with this and the different wintering way to the infection happen .
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2016, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 41-59
Abstract
The study was conducted for the period from 01/07/2012 to 06/31/2013 inside the corridors of the University of Tikrit and selected greenery of the College of Agriculture to carry out the study, which included a statement the efficiency of green spaces to provide the requirements of thermal comfort and the ability to control the wind and reduce the impact of dust and the degree of control of solar radiation and optical reflections and glare and noise as well as air pollution control , and multiple methods were used to assess based on climate data and previous theoretical standards as well as the climatic measurements for the experiment, as has been the adoption of viewing visual way to monitor certain environmental elements . And can be summarized as the most important findings of the study that there is no month of the year is located entirely in the area comfortable for humans, as well as variations of environmental climate elements such as wind and refle- ctions and glare and noise affected the efficiency of the use and then put the proposed solutions to reduce them to improve the functional efficiency of climate and environmental impacts of green spaces.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2017, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 22-36
This study was conducted with a view to the possibility of knowing the effect of exposing the hatching eggs before brood in hatcheries Magnetic field and see its impact on some reproductive traits. This study used 600 eggs for hatching breed (Rose 308) They were randomly divided in three replicates. It established ( 120) eggs to study the characteristics of embryonic development and 480 eggs to study the breed offspring, The exposure hatching eggs before incubation to the magnetic field intensity 18 mT (1800 Gauss) periods (zero, 15 ,30 and 45) minute gave the following indicators. The results indicated no significant effect (p≤0.05) of hatching eggs by exposing his lap when a magnetic field of the study of embryonic development during the first week of the incubator (Embryo weigh, Amnion, Chorio- Allantoic, Yolk Sac and its membrane, albumins, egg shell weight) The results showed significant superiority in length the embryo to relatively weighs in favor of treatments T2 and T4 . In the second week of embryonic development during incubation results showed no significant difference in recipes (Embryo weigh, Yolk Sac and its, albumins and egg shell weight), Significant increase in the proportion of liquid Chorio- Allantoic Embryo length ratios of weight in favor of the transaction T2, T3 and T4, and a significant decline in the percentage of transactions Amnion exposure to magnetic field T2, T3 and T4 . The results also indicated the lack of a significant effect of the percentage of egg weight loss during the first week and second week and day 18 of incubation in the hatchery and chick hatched weight the proportion of, While the treatment of T2 recorded a significant decline in the percentage of weight loss of eggs to show a magnetic field for a period (1-18 days) of incubation in the hatchery, significant increase in the ratio of length the chick hatched chick weight the proportion of in favor of treatment T3. The observed results decline a significant to mortality rate embryonic (1-6 days of incubation) in favor of treatment T3, significant increase in the mortality rate of embryonic (7-18) days recorded treatment T4, a significant decrease of the mortality rate of embryonic (19-21) days found in two treatments T3 and T4 , either in fetal mortality rate overall (1-21) days and the results showed a significant decline in favor of treatment T3, and for a significant decline in the proportion of whites clicking two treatments T3 and T4. The results showed a significant increase in the proportion of the total hatched eggs in favor of treatment T2 and hatched the proportion of fertilized eggs in favor of treatment T3. As for the different periods of hatched of the day (20-21) of hatching process results showed the superiority of a significant in the hatched the proportion of fertilized eggs of period (487 hours) for the treatment T4, and high a significant in hatchability of hours (494 hours) for the treatment of T2, and the superiority of a significant recorded T3 treatment of hatchability during the time (508 hours) from day 21 of the hatched period. The results indicated no significant effect of exposing the eggs hatching before his lap magnetic field on the chick hatched weight and the proportion of newly internal organs and edible palm, P.C.V % , hemoglobin, glucose and total protein. While it was observed and no significant increase in the concentration of blood calcium the proportion of in favor of the treatment T3 and T4 , a significant decrease in the concentration of cholesterol for the treatment of T4 compared to control.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2013, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 16-39
The study was conducted at the vegetable field, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq, during the spring season of 2007 and 2008 to investigate the responses of five summer squash cultivars namely local cultivar, Asma, Nadi, Tala and Zucchini to three concentrations of Licorice (0.0 ,1.5, 3.0) gl-1 so the experiment involved 15 treatments arranged in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates.The result could be summarized that foliar spraying with Licorice extract at 3.0gl-1 gave significant increase in seeds weight fruit-1 and the total yield of seed in both seasons, whereas, number of fruits held for seeds extraction were increased significantly during the season of 2007 only. Local and Tala cultivars were significantly superior over the weight of seeds fruit-1 during 2007, but in 2008 season Tala cv. was distinguished giving the highest value in seeds weight fruit-1 accounted 76.54 g which varied significantly with Asma cv. only. On the other hand, the Local cv. was characterized upon the studied cultivars in the seeds yield during 2007 season, whereas, during 2008 the superiority cultivars over (Local, Zucchini, and Tala) which gave (130.02 , 130.71 and 146.69) g plant-1 respectively .
The best interaction treatment in seeds yield plant-1 was (3.0 g l-1 Licorice in local cv.) which had a significant difference as compared with other treatments recorded (94.31) g in 2007 season ,while in 2008 it was noticed that Tala cv. + 3.0 g l-1 licorice produced the highest seeds yield 155.57 gplant-1.The total seeds yield was significantly correlated with, weight of 1000 seeds and seed length in both two seasons .The traits seed length and weight of 1000 seeds exhibited direct effect on the total seeds yield, and had indirect effect on the seeds yield through the other traits.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2016, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 42-50
Abstract
This study was carried out at the Poultry farm of Animal Resource, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University from 28/3/2013 to 2/6/2013 The present study was conducted to explore the usage of different levels of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seeds powder and aqueous extract to Performance, Physiological and producing of the Broiler Chickens, used in the experiment 525 chicks of broiler non-naturalized hybrids (Hubbard), day-old. The chicks were distributed randomly to seven treat- ments each treatment has three replicate and each replicate has 25 chicks were as follows:
T1. Control without any addition, T2.T3.T4. Add Neem seeds powdered to feed ratios of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g / kg feed respectively, T5.T6.T7. Add extract Neem seeds to drinking water rates 20.30 and 40 ml / liter of water respectively, The results of the study showed that:
No significant differences (P <0.05) forred and white blood cells, PCV (%) andhemoglobin concentration of among all experimental treatments, the results showed a significant decrease (p <0.05) inserumglucoseconcentration level with no significant difference to the level of uric acid, the concentration of total protein, albumin and total globulin among all treatments.
The results showed significant reducing (p <0.05) in cholesterol and enzymes (GOT and GPT) concentrationof the treatments add the Neem seeds to the feed or drinking water, compared to the control group, the absence of significant differences (p <0.05) in each of the villus length and depth of the crypts and the relationship between them for the ileum of broiler chickens between different groups.
We conclude from this study use of Neem seed powder or aqueous extracts did not have a negative impact on traits of blood and has had a positive impact on the functions of the liver and the concentration of cholesterol.
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences,
2013, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 103-111
The conducted study on five apiaries located in Mosul city and its environs appeared fungi infection to the wintering hives which belong to this species: Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium notatum, Penicillium crysogenum, and these mentioned fungi damage the food content of the hives, and caused pollution and toxicity to internal bee hive air with fungal chonidia after purifying them and culturing in pure colonies for identifying and diagnosing of the fungi laboratory in the plant protection department, college of agriculcure and forestry/ Mosul university, The study also been the average number of high infection for hives frames and infection separately to these was to the hives which doen wintering to her hives by using poly ethelene sacs covering which give the mean 76.33% from apiary frames and the mean 0.710 respectively, and the lowest for the hives that used the goot sacs covering by the mean 17.00% and the mean 0.153 from apiary frames respectively, by examining the locations of these hives and the number of hives subjected to wintering and the average number of infection frames and infection separety of any infection apiary with this and the different wintering way to the infection happen .
Publisher: College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk
Email: agri@uokirkuk.edu.iq
Editor-in-chief: Ammar Qahtan SHANOON
Managing Editor: Mohammed sabah bahaAldeen
Print ISSN: 2221-0482
Online ISSN: 2958-6585