University of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Communication Skills of Extension Managers in the Departments of Agriculture in the Central Region Provinces From the Standpoint of Agricultural Extension Agents1123331310.58928/ku11.02101ENJournal Article20110601The objective of this research is to identify the communication skills of managers of agricultural extension in the departments of agriculture in the provinces of the central region of Iraq from the standpoint of agricultural extension agents, through the scale consisted of two main and (4) sub-areas represented by the management of extension tasks which includes (coordination and cooperation, extension decision making), self-management, which includes (time management, diagnosis and problem-solving guidance). A Questionnaire was adopted to meet the data from a random sample of (112) which been taken by (43%) of the total community of (262) agricultural agent and some statistical methods has been used like frequencies, percentages, weighted arithmetic mean and percentage weight. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the scale setting of the five paragraphs of the group amounted to (30) items divided into two main areas, including (16) paragraph in the axis of the Task Manager and extension (14) items in the self-management. Results of the research, the majority of managers of agricultural extension in the provinces of the central region with the medium communication skills tends to rise, The results showed slight differences in the importance of communication skills from one province to another.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33313_1e4cb2e03f2f23188afd6326c1ccd15b.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601A Study on feeding Preferences of sapwood and heartwood for some forest trees by termite, Microcerotermes gabrielis Weld.(Isoptera : Termitidae1173337510.58928/ku11.02102ENShaheenA.MustafaJournal Article20110601Ten local and imported wood species of forest trees were evaluated for susceptibility to attack by termite, Microcerotermes gabrielis . The results showed that all sapwood and heartwood of Acer, Acer spp., Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus microthica, Normal Oak, Quercus aegilopes , American Poplar , Populus euramericana, Willow,Salix babilonica ,Yellow Pine, Pinus sylvestes, Black Pine, Pinus nigra ,Walnut, Juglanus regia, Cypress, Cuppressus spp. and Wild Fig, Ficus carica were non preferable by termite under natural infection conditions at Haibet Sultan mountains on altitude 1500 m. above sea level .On the other hand, results of wood preferences of termite showed a significant differences among species tested under artificial infection conditions in the botanical garden after 12 weeks . It has been found that walnut, Juglanus regia and wild fig, Ficus carica species was more susceptible than other species and the general mean of wood weight loss during the period of experiment were 7.06 and 3.46 gm. , respectively ,while Yellow Pine, Pinus sylvestes, Black Pine, Pinus nigra and Cypress tree, Cuppressus spp. Showed more resistance for infestation with the rate of 0.19, 0.25 and 0.27 gm, respectively. Generally, in this field test the sapwood of tree species were more preferable to attack by termite comparison with the heartwood with a total average 2.21 1.79 gm., respectively .Results indicated that the physical properties, moisture content and specific gravity of sapwood and heartwood of trees showed that there were no clear relation between these properties and wood preferences according to the amount of wood weight loss by termite.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33375_56034e3017a60728e3f1ce4ba40aeeeb.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601The effectiveness of vegetable cover employed to reducing vesicles noise inside cities13223333110.58928/ku11.02103ENOsamaI. AhmedSabahM. JameelHusseinTh.TahirBahramKh.MohammedJournal Article20110601This study was conducted to know the effect of using type of trees to reduce noise level inside cities around the streets, which are; Cupressus sempervirens ,Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Olea europaea and Myrtus communis. The distance of trees 1 and 2 rows , the distance between the noise level and sensitive device 5 , 10 , 15 m. <br />The statistical results showed significant effect of each factor and their interaction on noise reducing, and the great effect recorded by using Myrtus communis trees with two rows more than one row, the noise level was decreased gradually with increasing the distance between voice resource and sensitive to be 64.37 DC, as a difference 27.38 DC, from the Level ( without planting ) near the street .https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33331_1975727c448e45ab391dcef95c06b788.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Effect of Soak Three Cultivars Water Melon Citrullus lanatus Seeds with Growth Regulator " Atonik" on Germination and growth23303333210.58928/ku11.02104ENAmmarHashim SaiedAshjanNazar KamelAdeebJasim AbbasJournal Article20110601A laboratory experiment was conducted for testing the effect of soaking the seeds in the growth regulator Atonik as seed treatment on germination of three water melon cultivar: (Charleston76, Charleston Grey, Charlee), these cultivars were treated with two Atonik concentrations before sowing in plastic dish inside laboratory. Results indicated a significant increase in germination speed and germination percentage. Charlee gave higher germination speed (11.83)seed/day and higher germination percentage(69.33)%.The soaking seeds in Atonik gave best result in all the studied characters as compared with the control treatment .The interaction between cultivars and Atonik concentration was significant ,the seeds of Charlee which soaked in Atonik gave highest germination speed (12.32)seed/day and higher germination percentage (73.33)% .https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33332_116e268d0a91872deec1347eb675259c.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Effect of different plants cover on some physical and chemical properties of soil.31403333510.58928/ku11.02105ENNuhadS. AL-WaliKawtharA. AL- MosawiJournal Article20110601Field study was conducted to determine the effects of plants cover, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Bermoda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and blady grass (Imperata cylindrical) on some physical properties of soil which determine its productivity such as aggregates stability, saturated water conductivity, bulk density, and total porosity as well as there effect on soil organic matter and soil electrical conductivity for depths of (0- 15) and (15- 30) cm. <br />Results showed that the plants significantly increased the soil aggregates stability compared with the unplanted soil. The Bermuda grass and blady grass gave higher aggregates stability than alfalfa and the shallow depth (0-15) cm surpassed depth of (15-30) cm .<br />The saturated conductivity of the planted soil was higher than that unplanted and alfalfa plant surpassed the other two plants in percentage of 868.07% compared with unplanted soil while Bermuda grass became second and blady grass third with percentage of 347.33 and 322.04 % respectively. <br />The soil depth had no significant effect on saturated water conductivity, but the interaction between the soil depth and plants had significant effect.<br />The plants reduced the bulk density and increased the total soil porosity of the shallow depth (0–15 cm) compared with the depth (15-30 cm). Alfalfa plant gave higher amount of organic matter (16.725 g. kg-1) compared with Bermuda and blady grasses the shallow depth had higher organic matter (7.49 %) than depth of (15-30 cm). <br />The electrical conductivity of planted soil was significantly lower than unplanted soil while it was higher for the shallow depth by 37.31% compared with depth of (15-30 cm).https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33335_dda4bdea15022bac2479280f775d1fb7.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Determination Of Some Ground Water Properties In Al_Hawigah Reg ion For Irrigation Porpuses.41493333910.58928/ku11.02106ENSharqyKhalaf NofeshJournal Article20110601The aim of this study is to determine the quality of some water wells in AL- Hawiga Region / Kirkuk province, chemical properties were analized (Ec, PH. Cations, and anions) by which determined sodium adsorption Ratio (S.A.R) and Residual sodium Carbonates (R.S.C) International measurements were used to make acomparision. The results showed that the wells in region (13) Hawija can be classified as amedium, salinity in Al madhoria region , and high salinity in Al- seha (7.74) Decemens/m, but they are distinguished that (S.A.R) value were low and its values less than (10 meq/ L) so this water doesn’t cause irrigation hazared and they are also suitable for irrigation except chloride values AL-Sehar region (18.3 meq/L). While water wells in Botma and mahos region showed less values in (S.A.R) and (R.A.C) Ec values were suitable depending on standard, except naggera Awal (5.63 meq/L). As all the wells have high sulfur ration in region (13) hawija except Almodhoria and judaida sadda and low in (9) Botma and mahos except nagger Awal .https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33339_e0823ffafcbdc34fa7140049fbe02f70.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601PHYSICAL AND HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF TWO SOILS DIFFERENT IN TEXTURE50563334010.58928/ku11.02107ENMOATASIMDAOOD AGAJournal Article20110601Soil samples were collected from two location at (0-30cm)depth for calcareous soil. First location includes clay soil which grown by both Alfalfa and Olive tree under both sprinkler and drip irrigation system respectively .Second location sandy loam soil (S L) was taken from the field grown by vegetative and irrigated by surface irrigation system.Field and laboratory results indicated that clay soil gave higher values for porosity, saturation percentage, clay activity, atterberg limit, and sorptivity compared with the (S L) soil. Also the result showed that the available water was higher for clay soil compared with (S L) soil. On the other hand clay soil gave lower values for saturated hydraulic conductivity, basic infiltration rate and gradient of accumulated infiltration curve compared with (S L) soil .Statistical analysis showed that the field and lab. sorptivity results were not significant especially as three aggregates were taken and 20% of plane area for spherical shape.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33340_d6137197f40a5b7916e5e9cbbbab739e.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Effect of Parturition and lactation on some Haematological and Biochemical characteristics in Mountain Black Goat57653339510.58928/ku11.02108ENA.N.YousifA.K. MohammedB.M. MahmmudF.T.JumaJournal Article20110601The study conducted at Bakrjo animal farm (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sulaymaniyaha) from Sep. 15, 2004 to July 15, 2005 on 50 mountain black goat aged 2.5 to 3 years with average weight of 32 ± 1.2 kg. Goats divided randomly into two groups: 1st group with 10 (non-pregnant) goats as a control and 2nd group (40 goats) joined with 6 fertile male. Blood samples of 12 مل were taken from jugular vein on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after birth and biweekly on lactation period for three months. The samples were divided into two parts, 1st part (whole blood) used to measure the followings: red blood cell count, haemoglobin conc., packed cells volume, white blood cell count, while the 2nd part (prepared as blood serum) used in measuring the conc. of blood Glucose, total cholesterol, total protein, the activity of Transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphates enzyme. Milk yield were recorded weekly by hand milking once a week after isolating the lambs for 12 hours from.<br />Haemoglobin conc. and packed cell volume highly significantly (P<0.01) decreased with advanced milking months in comparison to control group. Blood glucose conc. decreased significantly (P<0.05) on the 5th day after birth as compared with the control, while total cholesterol conc. decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the 1st and 5th day after birth and continued to decline during the months of milk production. Total protein conc. was significantly lower (P <0.05) in the 1st and 5th days after birth. AST activity increased significantly (P 0.05) in the 2nd month of milk production, while ALT activity increased significantly (P <0.05) in 1st, 3rd and 5th days after birth and the first two of milking months. Alkaline phosphates activity showed an increased significant (P<0.05) pattern in the 1st and 3rd days after birth and during the 1st and 3rd months of milking period. All simple correlation values lacked significance except for that between total cholesterol and milk production in the 3rd month (r = 0.44).https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33395_66085beee49294dd1e8bff0eca7c13ee.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601PRODUCTION OF YOGURT BY USING DIFFERENT JUICES AND THEIR INFLUENCES ON THE MICROBIAL CONTENT66833334210.58928/ku11.02109ENGH.Mahmood. HassanJournal Article20110601During this study, it was found that orange, lemon and tomato juices have a vital role in simulating lactic acid bacteria to produce lactic acid when they were used in yogurt production. The addition of juices to the milk used in yogurt production led to increase acidity in yogurt produced . The Acidity percentage in comparative sample of yogurt produced from cow's milk 0.75% and became 0.78 and 0.84 % with the addition of 3% and 10% orange juice respectively. However, the pH was less affective by using tomato juice than orange and lemon juices, where their pH were 4.45 , 4.30 and 3.98 respectively, and the juice was added in ratio of 3% to the cow's milk. This observation was encountered with buffalo's butter milk . The percentage of fat ,protien total solid decreased with the addation of juciesto them , while the yoghurt proccesed from buffalo milk was different significantly hn the syneresis and curd tention with the yoghurt proccesed from cows milk. The degree of the curd tention and the syneresis in buffalo yoghurt was 30g , 10ml/100ml respectively while it was 22g , 7ml /100ml in cows yoghurt.<br />Further, total count bacteria was an excess of 200*104 cfu/gm in all yogurt samples of both cow's and buffalo's butter milk with the addition of juices in the ratios of 3% , 5% and 10% . This bacteria count was higher than lactic acid bacteria present in comparative samples of which can be attributed to the increase of the microorganism activity and counts which caused acidity development as a response to the addition of these juices. total count bacteria of samples using lemon juice (5%) was reduced in cow's milk and buffalo's butter milk yogurt as 171*104 and 183*104 cfu/gm respectively.<br />Regarding the sensory evaluation tables, it was observed that the use of orange and lemon juices acquired the taste and flavor to the yogurt produced, while tomato juice caused to reduced sensory evaluation data of yogurt produced.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33342_a9a7d9989a71bd19ec1969b5127ae616.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Response of Growth, and Yield for six Genotypes of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to Potassium Fertilization84933334610.58928/ku11.02110ENJournal Article20110601The experiment was conducted during summer season 2009 at Gerda rash fields - College of Agriculture /Salahaddin University/Erbil to evaluate field traits, yield and its components for six genotypes of cotton : Ashour (released), Coker 310, “line-A”, Lachata (released), Montana and Stoneville 213 at two levels of Potassium fertelizer (0 and 200 Kg K2O ha-1) using Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicateions. The data of the traits mentioned were analyzed according to experimental design used. The mean differences between treatment means were investigated by Least significant difference test (LSD). The results of this study was summarized as follows :<br />1-There were significant differences of field traits. Adding potassium led to Shortening 50% of number of flowering days of plants and 50% for boll blooming and gave the highest number of fruit branches per plant.<br />2- Lachata variety revealed superiority to cotton seed yield (4.2 ton ha-1) resulting in distinction of one of yield component which is boll weight, ginning percentage (5.25 g) and (32.38%) respectively.<br />The conclusion is to plant Lachata variety which has high seed yield. It indicates the potentiality of planting these varieties in Kurdistan Region environments.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33346_dcba1d5501221f3f36e1c123974f7ca7.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601POTATO PRODUCTION COSTS CALCULATION FOR MECHANIZATION BY DIFFERENT AREAS IN NINAVAH GOVERNORATE941073335010.58928/ku11.02111ENArkanM. A. SedeeqYassenH. AL-TahanJournal Article20110601This study is carried out in spring season for three different agricultural regions in Ninavah Governorate. These regions specialized in potato production in different systems according planting areas (5 , 17.5 & 25 hectares) and costs of labor , machines and equipment needed for the all agricultural operations for potato production. The results of this study are: Hectare cost for potato production differ according to the total planted area. When the planted area is (increased), the mechanization costs value is decreased. The main components of potato costs are irrigation system renting, transporting, labor and fuel consumption. While the costs of harvesting, irrigation and transporting operations forms the largest part of mechanization operations costs of potato production. The total production costs is 12741310 Dinars for first system (5 hectare), 54917351 Dinars for second system (17.5 hectare) and 77718894 Dinars for third system (25 hectare). While the net return (profit) for first system is 11268689 Dinars, 22187648 Dinars for second system and 79781105 Dinars for third system.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33350_0aee8232dea4a0983e006ec371a1b274.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Effect of tillage speeds and cover height angles of rotary plow on some Gypsfreous soil physical properties1081143335310.58928/ku11.02112ENMomtazI.HThaerT.AJournal Article20110601The experiment was carried out at Agriculture Collage - University of Tikreet during the agricultural winter season 2009 in Gypsfreous soil .Three plowing speeds included 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5 km /h with three cover height angles of rotary plow included 25, 45 and 65 degree to evaluate it's effect on some Gypsfreous soil physical properties included Bulk Density, Porosity , Percentage of soil clods which diameters are less thin 5 cm / m2 and Soil penetration resistance in this study. Complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications was used in this experiment and Duncan was used to comparison the mean of treatments.<br />The results obtained reveals that plowing speed 2.5 km /h bulk density reduction and gaves the largest porosity and gaves soil penetration resistance reduction and Percentage of soil clods increased. While, gaves cover height angle 65° less bulk density and largest porosity . The cover height angle 25° gaves largest Percentage of soil clods and less Soil penetration resistance .<br />The results obtained reveals that first plowing speed 2.5 km /h with cover height angle 65° gaves less bulk density and largest porosity, While, the plowing speed 2.5 km /h with cover height angle 25° gaves largest Percentage of soil clods and less Soil penetration resistance .https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33353_20a1f94e0e45384e8e08872de5a5e545.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601EFFECT OF SOME TILT ANGLES OF DISC PLOW AND TILLAGE SPEEDS ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL AND VITALITY PROPERTIES IN GYPSFREOUS SOIL1151233335710.58928/ku11.02113ENMomtazIsaak HommoodJournal Article20110601The experiment was carried out at the college of agriculture fields – University of Tikreet during the agricultural fall season of 2009 in Gypsfreous soil. Three tilt angles included 15 and 20 and 25º of disc plow with three tillage speeds included 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 km/h, To show its effect on some soil physical properties (bulk Density , Porosity and Mean Weight Diameter) and soil vitality properties included ( Penicillium sp., Mucor and Rhizopus sp. Numbers)Complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications was used in this experiment and Duncan was used to comparison the mean of treatments.<br />The results obtained reveals that the angle 25º gaves less bulk density and largest porosity and less Mean Weight Diameter , while the angle 20º gaves less number of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. . Plowing speed 6.5 km/h gaves less bulk density and largest porosity and largest Mean Weight Diameter .While plowing speed 6.5 km/hr gaves less number of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. .<br />The results obtained reveals that the angle 25º with plowing speed 4.5 km/h gaves less bulk density and largest porosity.. while the angle 15º with plowing speed 4.5 km/h gaves less number of Mucor and Rhizopus sp. .https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33357_bdebe2f12a1bc7a473f1520a583918c0.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601Activity of some Ponica granatum L’s parks , leaves of Qurecus aegilops L. and Quercus infectoria O . on the growth of some pathogenic fungi of plants.1241303336010.58928/ku11.02114ENNahlaGawher Kareem HmawndiJournal Article20110601This study has been performed in department of Horticulture / College of Agriculture / Kirkuk University. The aims of this work were to study the antifungal activity of some watery extracts with three concentration (1, 2, 3) ml/100ml of media of (Ponica granatum L., Qurecus aegilops L. and Quercus infectoria O .) on the growth of some pathogenic fungi to plants (Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium oxalicum ) . The results revealed that all extracts of the above plants have inhibition effect on the growth of fungi under study, specially concentration 3 ml / 100 ml of media. The study showed that the minimum average of growth fungal of Aspergillus niger reached to 1.9 cm. in case of using the extract of Ponica granatum L. in the higher concentration 3 ml / 100 ml of media. On the other hand the study showed that the Penicillium oxalicum is the most sensitive species of fungi to extracts as the average of growth fungal was ( 2.1, 2.7, 3 ) cm. respectively on the concentration 3 ml / 100 ml of media for all extracts of plants.<br />The results of this study shows that Rhizopus stolonifer is the most resistant species of fungi to the effect of all extracts, the average of growth was ( 3.3, 3.2, 3.2) cm. respectively on the concentration 3 ml / 100 ml of media.https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33360_786d54b10805cdb475d07522426292cc.pdfUniversity of KirkukKirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)2221-04822120110601The Effect of Cold Storage on Longevity and Efficiency of Some Insecticides in Stephanitis pyri (Fab.) Tingidae : Hemiptera Control1311393336410.58928/ku11.02115ENAbdul –Aziz A.A. MustafaPlant Prot. Dept. College of Agric. & Forestry Mosul University ,
Mosul , IraqNazar M.AL-MallahPlant Prot. Dept. College of Agric. & Forestry Mosul University ,
Mosul , IraqJournal Article20110601The results of studying the effect of cold storage period of Chlorpyrifos 48% EC. Alphacypermethrin 5%EC and mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin on their longevily and efficiency in controlling Stephanitis pyri (Fab.) revealed that the insecticides efficiency decreased with increasing cold storage period. Alphacypermethrin efficiency in controlling S. pyri reached 28.92% when stored for tow months at 5 o C in comparison with 45.58% for control ( stored at room temp. ). follwed by the mixture of Chlprpyrifos and Cypermethrin 30.25% when stored for tow months at 5 o C compared with 48,58% for control , and then followed Chlorpyrifos 30.29% when stored for three months at -5 o C in comparison with 45.67% . All tested Insecticides lost their activity after 21 days from treatment at the three cold storage periods .https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_33364_00498fd626d602ffabe6acc9636155b7.pdf