[1] - Moberg, A. & Jones, P.D. (2005). Trends in indices for extremes in daily temperature and precipitation in Central and Western Europe, 1901-99. Int. J. Climatol., 25(9): 1149-1171. DOI:10.1002/joc.1163.
[2] - Misson, L.; Rocheteau, A.; Rambal, S.; Ourcival, J. M.; Limousin, J. M. and Rodriguez R. (2010). Functional changes in the control of carbon fluxes after 3 years of increased drought in a Mediterranean evergreen forest? Glob Chang Biol. (16) 2461–2475. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009. 02121.x
[3] - Akram., M., Abdulrahman and Jawhar, H., Khalid. (2019). Influence of climate changes (Winds, vapour pressure) on Sulaimaniyah Governorate stricture and sustainable Agroecosystem, Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, No. 11, Vol. 2, pp. 43-53
[4] - Stanhill, G. and Cohen, S. (2001). Global dimming: A review of the evidence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences. Agric. For. Meteorol, (107)255–278
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00241-
[5] - Aggarwal, P.K. (2008). Global climate change and Indian agriculture: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 78(10): 911-919
[6] - Dell, M.; Jones, B., F. and Olken, B., A. (2014). What do We Learn from the weather? The new climate ecosystem literatures. J. Econ. Lit., 52(3): 740-798. DOI: 10.1257/jel.52.3.740.
[7] - Brayshaw, D. J.; Troccoli, A., Fordham R. and Methven J. (2011). The Impact of Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns on wind power generation & potential predictability: case study over UK Renew. Energy 36 2087–96,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene. 2011.01.025
[8] - Schuur, E., A., G.; McGuire, A., D.; Schädel, C.; Grosse, G.; Harden, J. W.; Hayes, D., J. (2015). Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback. Nature (520) 171–179. doi: 10.1038/nature14338
[9] - Akram, M., Abdulrahman.; Jawhar H., Khalid; Zana, M., Majeed; and Aso, K., Taieb. (2021). Influence of temperature rice over 48-year on Sulaimaniyah agroecosystem structure and nematodes distribution GIS application, Zagazig J.Agric. Res., No. 48 Vol. 1, pp.111- 122, DOI.10.21608/zjar.2021.165676
[10] - Chiacchio, M. and Wild, M. (2010). Influence of NAO and clouds on long-term seasonal variations of surface solar radiation in Europe. J. Geophys. Res. 115: D00D22, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012182.
[11] - Chen, W.; Zheng, X.; Chen, Q.; Wolf, B.; Butterbach-Bahl, K. and Brüggemann, N. (2013). Effects of increasing precipitation and nitrogen deposition on CH4 and N2O fluxes and ecosystem respiration in a degraded steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Geoderma. (192) 335-340. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.018
[12] - IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Working Group, I contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1.
[13] - Fischer, G.; Shah, M. and Tubiello, F., V., H. (2005). Socio-economic and climate change impacts on agriculture: An integrated assessment, 1990–2080. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (360) 2067–2083.
[15] - He, L.; Asseng, S.; Zhao, G.; Wu, D.; Yang, X.; Zhuang, W.; Jin, N. and Yu, Q. (2015). Impacts of recent climate warming, cultivar changes, and crop management on winter wheat phenology across the Loess Plateau of China. Agric. For. Meteorol. (200)135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet
2014.09.01
[16] - Huang, L.; Wang, Z., Wei, Y., and Zhang, X. (2009). Ecosystem respiration and its controlling factors in the riparian wetland of Yangtze River. Acta Ecol. Sin. (29) 3621–3628. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.07.021
[17] - Zhang, B.; Li, W.; Chen, S.; Tan, X.; Wang, S.; Chen, M. (2019). Changing precipitation exerts greater influence on soil heterotrophic than autotrophic respiration in a semiarid steppe. Agric. For. Meteorol. (271) 413–421. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.03.019
[18] - Akram, M., Abdulrahman; Jawhar, H., Khalid and Zana, M., Majeed. (2022). A Study on Precipitation Change and its Impact on Wheat Cultivation in Sulaimaniyah Region, Iraq. Biological and Applied Environment Research. Vol. 6(2): 178-191. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51304/baer
[19] - Al-Quraishi, A.M.F.; Gaznayee, H., A., A., and Messina, J.P. (2021). Drought severity trend analysis based on the landsat time-series dataset of 1998-2017 in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. In: IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 779(1): 012083. IOP Publishing.
[20] - Kitsara, G.; Papaioannou, G.; Papathanasiou, A. and Retalis A. (2012). Dimming/ brightening in Athens: trends in sunshine duration. Cloud cover and reference evapotranspiration. Water Resour. Manage. 27(6): 1623–1633.
[21] - Bett, P., E.; H. E. Thornton and R. T. Clark. (2017). Using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis to assess climate variability for the European wind industry. Theor. Appl. Climatol. (127). 61–80,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1591-y.
[22] - USGCRP. (U.S. Global Change Research Program). (2017). Climate science special report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, volume I. Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K.Maycock(eds.). https://science2017.globalchange gov. doi:10.7930/J0J964J6
[23] - Rustad, L. E.; Huntington, T. G. and Boone, R., D. (2000). Controls on soil respiration: implications for climate change. Biogeochemistry (48) 1–6. doi: 10.1023/A:1006255431298
[24] - Rötter, R., P. and Geijn, S., C. van de. (1999). Climate Change Effects on Plant Growth, Crop Yield and Livestock. Clim. Chang. (43) 651–68.
[25] - Akram, M. Abdulrahman; Farhad, M., T.; Hassen, R., H.; Awara, A., A.; Bakhtiar, A., K. (2020). Influence of heavy rainfall in 2018-2019 and submerging on some soil properties greenhouse’s in Bazian plain, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences.12(1) PP.1-10
[26] - Lobell, D.B.; Schlenker, W. and Costa-Roberts, J. (2011). Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science, 333(6042): 616-620. DOI:10.1126/ science.1204531
[27] - Gang, F.; Zhen, S. and Zhang, X. (2018). Increased precipitation has stronger effects on plant production of an alpine meadow than does experimental warming in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Agric. For. Meteorol. 249, 11–21. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.11.0
[28] - Deng, Q.; Aras, S.; Yu, C., L.; Dzantor, E., K.; Fay, P., A. and Luo, Y. (2017). Effects of precipitation changes on aboveground net primary production and soil respiration in a switchgrass field. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.(248) 29–37. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.07.023
[29] -Borken, W.; Savage, K.; Davidson, E. and Trumbore, S. (2006). Effects of experimental drought on soil respiration and radiocarbon efflux from a temperate fo[30] - Johnston, A. S. A.; Meade, A., Ardö, J.; Arriga, N.; Black, A. and Blanken, P. D. (2021). Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale. Nat. Ecol. Evol. (5) 487–494. doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01398-z
[31] -NOAA. National Centers for Environmental Information. (2023). State of the Climate: Global Climate Report for 2022. Accessed January 18,
[32] - Fan, W.; Liu, Y.; Chappell, A.; Dong, L.; Xu, R.; Ekström, M., Fu, T. and Zeng, Z. (2021). Evaluation of global reanalysis land surface wind speed trends to support wind energy development using in situ observations J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.(60),33–50,https://doi.org/10.1175
/JAMC-D-20-0037.1rest soil. Glob. Change Biol. (12) 177–193. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005. 001058.x
[33] - Zhao, J.; Luo, T.; Li, R.; Li, X. and Tian, L. (2016). Grazing effect on growing season ecosystem respiration and its temperature sensitivity in alpine grasslands along a large altitudinal gradient on the central Tibetan Plateau. Agric. For. Meteorol. 114–121. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.005
[34] - Zhang, P., Ren, C., Sun, H. and Min, L. (2018). Sorption, desorption and degradation of neonicotinoids in four agricultural soils and their effects on soil microorganism. Sci. Total Environ., 615:59-69
', './data/kras/coversheet/771771182358.png'))
