Abstract

Biofertilizers are organic fertilizers that include microorganisms that fix nitrogen organically, soluble phosphate, or produce hormones, vitamins, and other growth regulators required for plant growth. The use of biofertilizers, which are highly effective and ecologically benign fertilizers substituted for traditional fertilizers, is an excellent way to boost crop output while reducing nutrient loss during fertilization. Pollination of crop plants with it is a promising technique in crop production, including sunflowers. To produce bacterial biofertilizers, strains that are appropriate for a given crop in a specific agroclimatic zone must be chosen. Since soil properties and agroclimatic conditions differ greatly, it is essential to isolate a variety of strains of each biofertilizer for every area. This makes increasing the supply of nutrients both economically and environmentally appealing. When applied to seeds, seedlings, plants, or soil, it aids in mobilization of plant nutrients for crop growth by providing any other plant nutrient needed for crop growth, such as phosphorus solubilization or nitrogen biological fixation. In order to control a variety of root-borne infections, several biofertilizers also function as efficient biocontrol agents. It is known to available micronutrients such as iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, etc. to plants and helps in collecting water from distant areas of the crop root zone through the process of root branching. It was found that adding biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Sulphur-oxidizing bacteria) to the sunflower crop led to stimulating and accelerating growth and increasing seed productivity of this crop, besides the fact that biofertilizers are easy to apply to plants and can lower production expenses.