Abstract

         The wear and the friction in machinery components due to environmental factors, such as soil, humidity, and agricultural chemicals, lead to performance degradation and increased maintenance costs. Wear-related failures contribute to over 50% of machinery breakdowns, with key components like combine harvesters and rotary plow knives having limited lifespans. This study examines wear types in agricultural machinery, key influencing factors, and resistance strategies. Several researchers have conducted studies on various wear mechanisms in agricultural equipment and proposed advanced resistance strategies, highlighting the need for innovative materials and protective solutions to enhance durability. Advanced materials like HARDOX 450 steel and tungsten carbide coatings have improved wear resistance by up to 50%, while increasing tungsten carbide content from 50% to 60% enhances durability by 25%. Plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding and powder welding (PW) further strengthen surfaces and extend equipment lifespan. Additionally, antioxidant-enriched lubricants and anti-wear additives reduce friction and wear by 20%, improving efficiency and lowering maintenance costs. Microscopic analyses confirm structural enhancements in coated surfaces, reducing crack propagation. Future advancements in composite materials, nanocoating, and self-healing smart technologies offer promising solutions to further enhance the durability and performance of agricultural machinery. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that hybrid wear-resistant coatings, combining ceramic and metallic reinforcement, provide superior protection against abrasive and impact wear. The use of biodegradable lubricants and eco-friendly surface treatments is gaining interest due to their lower environmental impact and enhanced tribological properties. Additionally, AI-driven predictive maintenance systems and sensor-based monitoring technologies are being integrated to optimize wear detection and prevention, ensuring longer equipment lifespan and reduced operational costs. The continued advancement of material science, tribology, and smart manufacturing technologies is expected to revolutionize the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural machinery in the coming years. Several researchers have conducted studies on various wear mechanisms in agricultural equipment and proposed advanced resistance strategies, emphasizing the effectiveness of multi-layer coatings, nano-enhanced lubricants, and intelligent monitoring systems in mitigating wear-related failure