The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of cell and tissue culture, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, Iraq, from August 1, 2024, to March 1, 2025. The explants were collected from plants species (Mora Senza, Spain).
Callus and artificial seed production of blackberry plants were stimulated using tissue culture technology effort by cultivating a single plant cell or a group of plant cells in a regulated environment, plant tissue culture technology makes use of the capacity of these cells to develop into entire plants. The explants were grown on (WPM) supplemented with plant growth regulators: 2,4-D at concentrations of (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) mg L-1 to determine the best medium for the form callus from the leaf explant and the apical explant. The data indicate that the highest response rate (100%) was in the leaf explant at all concentrations of 2,4-D except the control treatment, and in the apical explant the response rate was 100% at 0.75 mg L-1 2,4-D. In addition, the largest callus size was observed in the leaf explant and the apical explant (47, 27) at 1 mg L-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the greatest callus weight was in the leaf explant (2.0734) g at 1 mg L-1 2,4-D, but in the apical explant the largest callus weight (0.8766) g was at 0.75 mg L-1 2,4-D. We used sodium alginate with calcium chloride to produce artificial seeds at a ratio of 1 g/50 ml of water, it was stored in the refrigerator for 40 days.