• Al-Hadeedy, I. Y., Ameen, Q. A., Shaker, A. S., Mohamed, A. H., Taha, M. W., & Hussein, S. M. (2023). Using the Principal Component Analysis of Body Weight in Three Genetic Groups of Japanese Quail. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1252, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012148.
• Alsaadi, S. A., Al-Perkhdri, A. S. A., & Al-Hadeedy, I. Y. (2020). Effects of matricaria chamomilla flower aqueous extract on some hematological, biochemical parameters and carcass traits in Iraqi local rabbits. Plant Archives, 20.
• Ghavidel , S.Z. ; Adl , K.N. ; Sis , S.A. ; Aghsaghali , M. ; Mohammadian , M. , and Siadati , S.A.  (2011) . Effects of lactobacillus-based probiotic on growth performance, mortality rate and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Annals of Biological Research. 2 (2) :325-331.
• Al-Dalawi, R. H. H., & Al-Hadeedy, I. Y. (2019). Influence of different levels of dietary supplementation Phytase enzyme upon growth performance, carcass traits and some biochemical parameters of local Japanese quail. Plant Archives, 19(2). https://plantarchives.org/19-2/2287-2293%20(4909).pdf
• Lin , S.Y. ; Hung , A.T.Y. and Lu , J.J. , (2011) . Effects of Supplement with Different Level of Bacillus coagulans as Probiotics on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microflora Populations of Broiler Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 10 (1): 111-114.
• Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Meeting, & World Health Organization. (2001). FAO food and nutrition paper (No. 74). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• Abdulazeez, S. T., & Abdulrahman, S. J. (2022). Study the hypolipidemic effects of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and vitamin E in albino rabbits. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(4), 641-644.‏
• Al-Hadeedy, I. Y., Al-Nuaimi, M. I. A., & Ali, A. R. (2019). Effect of adding local minerals clay (meqdadia) in the female japanese quail diets upon production performance, egg quality and carcass traits. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02020.5.
• Al-Warshan, S. H. Salih. (2006). Comparison of some life enhancers that are distinguished in reducing the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 and improving the productive performance of broiler chickens. PhD thesis. College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad.
• Karimi, O. and A. S . Pena . (2003) . Probiotics:Isolated bacteria strain of mixtures of different strains ? Drugs of Today, 39:565-597.
• Abdulazeez, S. T., Alsaadi, S. A. R., & Noaman, H.A. (2025). The Bio-physiological Impact of Different Concentrations of Ginger Aqueous Extract in Awassi Ewes. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 56(5), 1099-1104.‏
• Schneitz , C. (1993) .Development and evaluation of a competitive exclusion product for poultry. PHD.Thesis, University of Helsink Department of veterinary Medicine , Helsinki , Finland.
• Mohammed, M. A., Hussein, S. M., & Shaker, A. S. (2023, December). Effect of Adding Garlic Powder and Local Red Sumac to Quail Diets on Productive Performance and some Blood Biochemical
• Reuter, G. , (2001) . Probiotics – possibilities and limitations of their application in food, animal feed , and in pharmaceutical preparations for man and animals. Ber. Mun. Tier. Woch. 114(11-17):410-419.
• Apajalahti , J. ; Kettunen , A., and Graham , H. (2004) . Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken. World's Poult Sci 60:223-232.
• Engberg, R.M.; Hedemann , M. S.; Leser , T. D., and Jensen , B. B.(2000) . Effect of zinc bacitracin and salinomycin on intestinal microflora and performance of broilers. Poult. 79:1311-1319.
• Gabriel , I. ; Lessire , M. ; Mallet , S. and Guillot , J. F. (2006) .  Microflora of the digestive tract : critical factors and consequences for poultry . World's Poult. Sci. J. 62:499-511 .
• AL-Jabari, Q. H., Mohammed, M. A., Baker, A. G., & Shaker, A. S. (2024). Effect of Supplementation of Different Levels of Azolla Plant Powder on The Productive Performance and Some Qualitative Characteristics of Eggs of Japanese Quail. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 55(7), 1869-1874.
• Barrow, P. A. (1992) . Probiotic for chickens. In : Probiotic: The Scientific Basis (ed. Fuller,R.). Chapman   and  Hall, London . 225-257.
• Barnes, E. M. (1977) . Ecological contents of the anaerobic flora in the anaerobic flora in the avian intestine. Am. J. clin. 30:1793-1798.
• Barnes, E. M. and lmpey, C. S.  (1970) .  The   isolation  and  properties  of  the predominant  anaerobic  bacteria  in   the  ceaca  of chickens and turkeys. Br. Poultry Sci. 11: 467 - 481.
• Doski, J., & Yaseen, K. (2023). The effects of different levels of postbiotic and phytobiotic combination as feed additives on carcass, lipid profile, meat quality, and tibia bone in broiler chickens. Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences, 14(3), 227-241. doi: 10.58928/ku23.14324
• Al-Hadidy, Y. I., Alnuame, O. A., & Werdi, C. (2024). The effectiveness of fermented juices on weight gain and Microbial Balance in rats by Induced diarrhea with E.coli. Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences, 15(3), 21-31. doi: 10.58928/ku24.15303
• Lilly , D. M. and  Stillwell , R. H., (1965) : Probiotics: Growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science 147:747–748.
• Parker, R. B. (1974) . Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story. Animal nutrition and health. 29: 4-8.
• Crawford J. S., (1979) , Probiotics in animal nutrition. Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference, Arkansas, USA,. 45–55.
• Hasan, A., Ameen, Q., & Ghani, N. (2023). Impact of Adding Chitosan and Probiotic to Broiler Dietary on carcass traits. Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences, 14(3), 75-81. doi: 10.58928/ku23.14308
• Jin, L. Z., Y. W. H ; Abdulla , N. and Jalaludin , S. , (1997) . Probiotics in poultry: Modes of action.World’s Poultry Sci., 53:351-368.
• Miles , R.D. , and Bootwala , S.M. (1991) . Direct - fed microbial in animal protection `avian` . pp. 117-146 . In : Direct - fed microbials in animal production A review of literature . National Feed Ingridient Association. West Des Monis, Iowa, U.S.A .
• Klacnhammer, T. R. and M J. Kullen . (1999) . Selection and design of probiotics . Int  .J.Food.Microbiol.,50:45-57.
• Moro, C. V., Chauve, C., & Zenner, L. (2005). Vectorial role of some dermanyssoid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata, Dermanyssoidea). Parasite, 12(2), 99-109.‏
• Buchanan , R . E. and N . E . Gibbons . (1974) . Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology ,8th .Ed .William and Wilkins Company. Baltimore.
• Reque , E. D. , A. Pandey ,S .G. Franco and C . R. Soccol . (2001) . Isolation, identification and physiological study of Lactobacilli fermentum LPB for use as probiotic in ckickens. Braz.J. Microbiol., 31:303-307.
• Smith ,H .W. (1965) . Observation on the flora of the eliminatory tract of animal and factor affecting its composition. J.Path.Bact. ,89:95-122.
• Ayed, A, M., , & H. Hamada, T. (2017). Effect of fermented skim milk fortified with probiotic bacteria on some physiological parameters in growing male rats. Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences, 8(2), 1-10. doi: 10.58928/ku17.08201
• Haddadin M. S. Y. , S. M. Abdulrahim , N. H. Odetallah and R.K. Robinson. (1997) . A proposed protocol for checking suitability of Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures for use during feeding trials with chickens .Tropic. Sci., 37:16-20.
• Salih AL-Khaldani, C., & Ameen, Q. (2022). Effect of fodder addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and probiotic on the productive characteristics of broilers. Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences, 13(3), 49-61. doi: 10.58928/ku22.13305
• Gusils, C., J. Palacios , S. Gonzalez and G .Oliver . (1999) .Lactin-like protein fractions in Lactic acid bacteria isolated from chicken. Biol .Pharm .Bull.,22:11-15.
• Yeo , J. and K. I. Kim. 1997. Effect of feeding diest containing an antibiotic probiotic or yeast extract on growth and intestinal urease activity in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci., 76:381-385.
• Hansen, L. A. (1998) .Home new product forage inoculates direct fed microbial,yeast probios microbial products.Chr-Hansen Biosystems.
• Senani , S., S. K. Saha, M. K. Padhi and R. B. Rai. (2000). Efficacy of various Lactobacilli strains on broiler production. Indian J.Anim.Sci.,70:845-846.
• Poupard , J. A. ,I . Husain and F. H. Norris . (1973) .Biology of the Bifidobacteria . Bacteriological 37:136-165.
• Turroni, F., Milani, C., Duranti, S., Lugli, G. A., & Ventura, M. (2014). Bifidobacteria and the infant gut: An example of co-evolution and natural selection. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 71(11), 221–238.
• Biavati, B., & Mattarelli, P. (2012). The family Bifidobacteriaceae. In The Prokaryotes (pp. 322–382). Springer.
• Leahy, S. C., Higgins, D. G., Fitzgerald, G. F., & van Sinderen, D. (2005). Getting better with Bifidobacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98(6), 1303–1315.
• Arboleya, S., Watkins, C., Stanton, C., & Ross, R. P. (2016). Gut Bifidobacteria populations in human health and aging. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01204
• Gueimonde, M., Tölkkö, S., Korpimäki, T., & Salminen, S. (2007). New methods for selecting and evaluating probiotics. Digestive and Liver Disease, 39(6), 432–438.
• Collado, M. C., Gueimonde, M., Hernández, M., & Sanz, Y. (2007). Adhesion of selected Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus and the role of adhesion in probiotic functionality. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 125(3), 286–292.
• Collee, J , J .P. Duguia ,A. G. Fraiev and B. H. Marmiou . (1989). Practical medical microbiology. 3rd Ed.London.
• Parry, B. W., Anderson, G. A., & Gay, C. C. (1983). Prognosis in equine colic: a study of individual variables used in case assessment. Equine Veterinary Journal, 15(4), 337-344.‏
• Hoa, T .T .,L .H. Duc ,R. Iaticato, L. Baccigalupi, E. Ricca, P. H. Van and S .M .Cutting . 2001 . The fate and dissemination of Bacillus subtilis spores in amurine model.Appl.Envirom. Microbiol.,67:3819-3823.
• Ganazzoni, V . and A. Adam . (1998) . Ceacal microflora inchickens fed with Bacillus coagulans as probiotic .Am.Dis.Microbiologia –de-Enzimologia.48:13-18 .
• Phaff , H., M. W. Miller and E. M .Mark . 1978 .The life of yeasts 2nd Ed.Harvard University. Press,Cam bridy.(USA) and London.
• Reed , G. and T. W. Nagodawitana . (1991) . Yeast technology.2nd Ed. Van Nostrand  Reinhold, New York .
• Lyons ,T.   and  K.  A.   Jacques . (1998). The  role  of  biological  tools  in the feed industry Proc. Alltech’s14th. Ann .Symposon Biotechnology in the feed industry . In T.P.Lyons and  K .A. Jacques, eds. Nottingham University Press , Loughborough, Leicesteruk.P:411-419.
• Al-Sayed, S. Mustafa. (2005). Yeast is a vital food and growth stimulant in poultry and field animals. Middle East Poultry Journal. 182:40-43.
• Micheli , I. (2005) . (http:// WWW.doctor fungs.org).
• EL-Hali , M . A. ,K. S. Al-Delaimy . (2003) . Citric acid production from wheabduly with sugars and additives by Aspergillus niger.African Journal of Biotechnology .2:356-359.
• Magnuson , K. J .L. and L. Lasure . (2004) .Organic acid production by filamentous fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
• Ramakrishna , S. V. and R. S. Prakasham . (2001) .Microbal fermentations with immobilized cells.Performance and blood components of broiler chicks. Poultry Sci.
• Martin, J. H. and K .M. Chou . (1992) . Selection of Bifidobacterium for use as dietary adjuncts in cultured dairy foods: I-Tolerance to pH of yoghurt.Cultured Dairy Pro. Journal. 27:21-26.
• Martin, J. H. (1996) . Technical considerations for incorporating Bifidobacteria and  bifidogenic  factors in  to  dairy  products . Bulletin of IDF.313:49-51.
• Fox ,S . M . (1988) . Probiotics : Intestinal inoculant for production animals .Vet .med .,83:806-830.
• Watabe, J. ,Y. Benno and T. Mitsuoka . (1983) .Bifidobacterium gallinarum sp.nov.:a new species isolated from the ceca of chickens .Int. J.Syst. ,33:127-132.
• Petr ,J. and V. Rada . (2001) . Bifidobacterium are obligate inhabitants of the crop of adult laying hens.J.Vet.Med.B.infect.Dis.Publis Health. 48:227-233.
• [66.] Spring, P. (1997). Unerstanding the development of the avian gastrointestinal microflora:An essential key for developing competitive exclusion products. Pp.313-324, Alltch’s 12th Ann. Sym.on: Biotechnology in the feed industry. In T. P.Lyons and K. A. Jacques, eds, Loughborough, Leciershire ,USA.
• Scardovi , V . (1981) . The genus Bifidobacterium.In:The prokaryotes,A Handbook on Habitats,isolation , and identification of  Ed .Starr ,M.P .,H .Stolip, H.G. Truper ,A. Balows and H.G. Schlegel .New  York. Springer -verbg. 
• Tamime , A. Y., V. M. E. Marshall and R . K. Robinson . (1995) . Review Article:Microbiological and technological aspects of milks fermented by Bifidobacteria.J. Dairy , 62:151-187.
• Dave ,R. I. and N. P . Shah . (1996) . Evaluation of media for selective enumeration of Streptococcus thermophilus , Lactobacilus delbruecki spp.Bulgaricus , lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium .J.Dairy Sci.,79:1529-1536.
• Proulx , M., P. Ward ,S .Gauthier and D. Roy . (1994) . Comparison of Bifidobacteria growth promoting activity of ultrefiltered casein hydrolyzate fractions. Lait., 74:139-152.
• Harrigan, W. F. and M. E. McCance . (1976) . Laboratory Methada in food and Dairy Microbiology.Academic Press , London.
• Adami,   and V. Cavazzoni  . (1993) .  An  experimental standard . Pattern  of  assessing   the   cecal   microflora   of  chicken . Ann .Microb- iology . Enzymol.,43:329.
• Pascual , M. , M.Hugas , J. I. Badiola , J. M. Monfort and M. Garriga. (1999) . Lactobacillus salivarius CTC2197 prevents Salmonella enteritidis colonization in chickens. Appl .Envirom . Microbiol., 65:4981-4986 .
• Tortuero , F. ,L. M. Rodriguez and J. Bararera . (1989) . Lactic acid bacteria and beans in the die for chickens. Arch. Zootocenia. 38:141-165.
• Nahashon, S. N. , H. S. Nakaue and L. W. Mirosh . (1994) . Production variables and nutrient retention in single comb White Leghorn laying pullets fed diets supplemented with direct fed microbial. Poultry Sci.,73:1699-1711.
• Naji, S. Abdel-Hussein. (2007). Guide to commercial production of laying hens.
• Speck ,M. L. (1976). Interaction amony Lactobacilli and man. J. Dairy Sci., 55:1019-1022.
• Baird, A. C. (1980). Organic acids. In:Microbial  Ecology of Foods .Pp. 126-135. Academic Press ,New York .
• Smylder , F. J. , P. Barendsen , J. G. Van-logtestin, D. A . Mossel and G. M. Yan Der Marel .(1986) .Consideration in favour of its acceptance as meat decontaminant.A review.J.Food.Technol., 21:419-436.
• Vuyst ,L. D. and E. J. Vandamme . (1994). Bacteriocins of Lactic acid Bacteria:Microbiology, Genetic and Applications.Academic and Professional-Chapman and Hall.London,Glasgow,New York.
• Pantev, A. , P. Kabadjova , M. Dalogalarrondo , T. Hacrtle , I .Ivanoca, X. Dousset , H. Pervost and J. M. Chobert . (2002). Isolation and partial characterization of an antibacterial substance produce by Enterococcus faecium. Folia Microbiol.47:391-400.
• Silvaa D. Romário, Janaína D. Cássia Orlandi S., Nayla D. S. Pitanguic, Sindy M. Roquee, Andréa C. Silvaf, Pedro L. Rosalena. (2020). Probiotics as an alternative antimicrobial therapy: Current reality and future directions. Journal of Functional Foods 73 (2020) 104080.
• Al-Obeidi, I. J. (2001). The use of lactobacilli as a probiotic against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Master Thesis - College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Baghdad.
• Al-Ani, I. J. Khammas. (2005). Probiotics in poultry. Iraqi Federation of Poultry Producers. Technical Bulletin (4).
• Sarra , P .G. (2002) . Personal
• Kelley, T. R. , O C. Pancorbo , W. C. Merka and  M. Barnhart . (1998). Antibiotic resistance of bacterial litter isolates. Poultry Sci.,77:243-247.
• Yang , Y.; Iji, P.A. and Choct, M.,  (2009) .  Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. World's Poultry Science Journal. Vol. 65(1): 97-114.
• Rantala, M. (1974). Nitrovin and tetragycline: A comparison of their effect on salmonellosis in chicks. British Poultry Science, 15(3), 299-303.‏
• Schneitz, C. ; Hakinen , M. ; Nuotio , ; Nurmi , E. and Mead , G. (1990) .  Droplet application for  protecting competitive exclusion.Vet. Res. 126:510.
• Esatu, W.;Melesse, A. and Dessie, T., (2011), Effect of effective microorganisms on growth parameters and serum cholesterol levels in broilers. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(16): 3841-3846.
• Thongsong, B.; Thongsong, S. and Chavananikul, V., )2008 (. Effects of the addition of probiotic containing both bacteria and yeast or an antibiotic on performance parameters, mortality rate and antibiotic residue in broilers. The Thai J. Vet. Med., 38 (1): 17-26.
• Naji, S. A., B. S. Rasool, A. D. Talib, S. S. Khalifa, S. H. Jajo, S. Shaalan, H. S. Al-Tamimi. (2012). Manufacturing Iraqi Soluble Probiotic and using it to reduce diarrhea in suckling calves and improve the productive performance of laying hens. Research submitted to obtain a patent. College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
• Ignatova , M. ; Sredkova , V. , and Marasheva , V. , (2009) . Effect of dietary inclusion of probiotic on chickens performance and some blood indices. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry . 25 (5-6): 1079-1085.
• Mayahi , M. ; Razi-Jalali. , M. , and Kiani. , R. , (2010) . Effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on promoting performance and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in broiler chicks. African Journal of 9(43): 7383-7387.
• Ashayerizadeh , A. ; Dabiri , N. ; Mirzadeh , K. and Ghorbani , M.R. , (2011) . Effects of dietary inclusion of several biological feed additives on growth response of broiler chickens. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology. 5 (4): 61-65.
• Nisbet, D.J.; Corrier , D.E. ; Hume , M.E.; Byrd , J.A.; Stanker , L.H. and Anderson , R.A. (1997) . Effect of (Cf3TM) on cecal colonization by Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 in broiler chicks. Poultry. Sci. 76(Suppl.1) :30.
• Al-Ani, A. A. Tawfiq. (2011). Isolation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, characterization and comparison of its effect with antibiotics on productive performance and some physiological characteristics of broiler chickens. Master Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar.
• Pivinick, H. and Narmi , E. (1982) . The Nurmi concept and its role in the control of Salmonella in Poultryry. Appl. Sci., 41: 70.
• Schneitz, C. ; Nuotio, ; Kiskinen ,  T. and Nurm , E. , (1991) .  Pilotscale testing of the Competitive exclusion method in chickens Br. Poultry. Sci., 32: 881-884.
• Goren, E. ; de Jong, W.A. ; Doormenbal, P.; Bolder, N.M.; Mulder, R.W. and Jansen, A.,(1988 ). Reduction of Salmonella of intestinal microflora: a longitudinal study. Vet. Q. 10: 249 – 255.
• Gibson, G. R. and M. B. Roberfroid . (1995) . Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota:Introducing the concept of prebiotic. Nutr.,125:1401-1412.
• Perdomo , M. C. , R. E. Vargas ,J .Compos . (2004). Nutritional value of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its derived products, extract and cell wall in poultry feeding.Arch. Latinoam.Prod. Anim.,12:89-95.
• Kalplan, H. and R. W. Huthins . 2003 . Metabolism of fructooligosaccharides   by   Lactobacilli  paracasei  .Appl Envirom.  , 69:2217-2222.
• Zhang ,W. F., D. F. Li, W. Q. Lu and G. F. Yit . (2003) . Effect of isomalto-oligosaccharides on broiler performance and intestinal microflora. Poultry Sci.,82:657-663.
• Crumplen, R. , T. D. Amore ,C. J .Panchal , I. Russell and G .G. Stewart. (1989). Industrial uses of yeast.Present and future yeast (Specialissue) 5:3-9 .
• Nett , J. H. , J. Kessl , T. Wenz and B. L. Trumpower. (2001). The AUG start codon of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NFSIgen can by substituted for by UUG without increased initiation of translation at downstream codons. Eur.J. Biochem., 268:5209-5214.

• Spring ,P ., C. Wenk , K. A. Dawson and K. E. Newman . (2000). The effect of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the cecal of Salmonella challenged broiler chicks .Poultry Sci.,79:205-211.
• Mahoney , R .R. and H. R . Whitaker . (1978) . Purification and physiochemical properties of Bogalactosidase from kluyveromyces fragillis .J .Food. Sci.,43:584-591.
• Foda ,  M .  S .  ,  S .  Mohammed    and  L .  Hussein  .   (1988)  .  Production   of    lactase   from  kluyveromyces  lactis  propagated  in media with  different sodium chloride   concentrations .  Zentealbl   .Mikrobiol   . , 143 :583 -590.
• Neto , J. A. , P. Infont and M.Vitdo . (1997). Influence of pH,temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration on the production of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and invertase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Brazilian Jownal of Chemical Engineering. 14:89-94.
• Al-Abadi, E. M. Khalil. (2001). Purification and characterization of beta-calactosidase produced from a local isolate of MGI Kluyveromyces marxianus. Master Thesis . College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad.
• Asano,I.,Y. Nakamura , H . Hoshino , K. Aoki, S. Fujii , N. Imura and H. Lino. (2001) . Use of mannanoligosaccharides from coffee mannan by intestinal bacteria .Biotechnol .Agrochemis .75:1077-1083.
• Lesson , S. and J. D. Summers . (1997). Commercial poultry nutrition.2nd Ed. University Book.Uni. of Guelph.Ontario Canada.
• Al-Sharafani, M. A. Hussein. (2005). The use of inulin extracted from Almaza tubers in reducing the level of blood cholesterol, improving the absorption of some minerals, and as a prebiotic. Master Thesis. College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad.
• Suskovic ,J. ,K. Blazenka ,G. Jadranka and M. Srecko . (2001) . Role of Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium in symbiotic effect. Food Technol.Bioteclunol.,39:227-235.
• Shim ,S. 2005. Effects of prebiotics , probiotics and Synbiotics in the diet of young pigs .PHD. Thesis , Unversity of Wageningen , Department of Animal Sciences . Wageningen. Netherlands.
• Beltran, R ., G. Schatzmayr ,A . Klimitseh ,K .Sachere .(2005) .The effect of the combination of probiotics , prebiotics and cell fragments (Biomin AC-EX and Biomin A LMBO) on broiler performance Biomin International Animal Nutrition GmbH.
• Vicente , T. L. ,A. Torres , X. Hernandez , S. E. Higgins , A. Wolfenden, G. Tellez, B. M. Hargis . (2005) . Effect of a probiotic and dietary lactose on poult performance .
• Al-Qaisi, G. Alwan, R. A. Al-Khalidi and S. Abdel-Hussein. (2006) . Comparison of the effect of the imported probiotic (Biomin) and the local probiotic (Iraqi probiotic) on some physiological characteristics and the microbial balance in the intestines of broiler chickens.

Kahraman, R. , H. Ozpinar , I. Abas , H. Eseceli, T. Bilal and  H.   Ckutay . (2000) . Effects of probiotic and antibiotic on performance of broilers .Arch.Geflugelkd.64:70-74