Abstract

. A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, during the summer of 2024 to examine the impact of various nitrogen fertilizer sources and planting distances on the growth characteristics, yield, and quality of millet. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design and a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The primary component in the main plots comprised four row spacings (20, 30, 40, and 50 cm), while the secondary factor in the subplots encompassed four distinct nitrogen fertilizer sources (urea, liquid, nano, and organic). The data were statistically evaluated, and the means were compared utilizing Duncan's multiple-range test at the 0.05 significance level. The results indicated no significant differences in the duration from planting to 50% flowering across various distances. while a distance of 30 cm yielded significant differences in chlorophyll content. Distances of 40 cm and 50 cm were superior in the number of tillers and number of grains in the inflorescence and in the yield of one plant. Distance (40) shown a greater quantity of grains in the inflorescence, whereas distance (50) demonstrated a higher ash percentage. The second factor, nano fertilizer, demonstrated a marked advantage in the duration from planting to 50% flowering, and chlorophyll content; conversely, liquid fertilizer excelled in the number of tillers, number of seeds in the inflorescence. The organic fertilizer treatment exhibited a higher amount of ash in the seeds. There exists a considerable relationship between the row planting spacing and the suppliers of nitrogen fertilizer. The interaction of a 20 cm planting distance between rows with organic fertilizer yielded the highest significant value for the duration from planting to 50% flowering, recorded at 127.00 days. while the 50 cm planting distance with liquid fertilizer excelled in tillers number