Abstract
This study was conducted on the wild wormwood plant collected from Mount Piramagroon with coordinates 35°46'21.6" N, 45°13'46.7" E and an elevation of 2611 m, Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan, aiming to focus on the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of this plant. The results showed that the methanolic extract of this plant contained total phenols at 61.45 mg GA/g, while total flavonoids reached 32.51 mg rutin/g. The plant extract also contained total glycosides (18.9 mg securidaside/g), total saponins (25.5 mg/g), and total alkaloids (23.5 mg/g). By using advanced HPLC technology, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, catechin, gallic acid, and kaempferol at concentrations (30.7, 491.3, 307.1, 663.1, 256.5, and 384.1 µg/g), respectively, were detected, with a dominance of catechin, followed by p-coumaric acid. The volatile oil extracted by hydro-distillation, Clevenger apparatus, and GC-MS technology, was found to contain 16 active compounds, with the highest concentration being the α-pinene compound at a concentration of 12.33%, followed by myrcene (9.15%). Furthermore, strong antioxidant effects were observed. The IC50 value of the extract was 62 μg/mL compared to 250 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. The results of cytotoxicity testing using the Cell Line technique depicted that the methanolic extract showed a highly significant anticancer activity against MDA-MB231 cells at a concentration of 10000 μg/mL after 72 h of incubation. Based on these comprehensive results, we conclude that there were very high concentrations of active compounds present in the extract of this plant, in addition to its high antioxidant and anti-breast cancer activities, making the plant a promising natural source containing powerful antioxidants and anti-breast cancer agents.
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[37] Kshirsagar, S.G. and Rao, R.V., 2021. Antiviral and immunomodulation effects of Artemisia. Medicina, 57(3), p. 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030217.
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