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Survey and Classification of Termite Species of Family Termitidae and their Locations in Nineveh Governorate

    Authors

    • Wadhah A. Al-jebory 1
    • Nabil M. AL-Mallah 2

    1 Directorate of Agriculture Salah Al-din, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq

    2 College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq

,

Document Type : Research Paper

10.58928/ku23.14113
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Abstract

The results of the questionnaire for ten agricultural materials specialized in the control of the gnat insect in the center of Mosul, including the advisory office of the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul (University of Mosul) in all neighborhoods and regions of the city of Mosul on its right and left sides, Some of these injuries were recent, while others were recorded in previous years  and that the degrees of infection or the level of presence of this insect among the neighborhoods of Mosul have Distributed between weak injury (1-3 houses / neighborhood), compensation (4-10 houses / neighborhood), and severe (more than 10 houses / neighborhood) , Where these ranges were developed based on the results of the questionnaire The highest average of infection for the right side of Mosul was for the neighborhoods of July 17, Al-Jawsaq, while the infection was weak in the neighborhoods of Al-Mamoun, Wadi Hajar, Al-Dawasa, Al-Nabi Sheet, Ras Al-Jada, Al-Zanjili, and Old Mosul. As for the areas of the left side, the highest average of infection was In the friendly neighborhoods, flowers, nationalization, Baath, Sumer, unity, charter, police, Arab, Palestine, banks, millions, finance, cultural group, University of Mosul. While the infection was weak in the neighborhoods of Aden, Al-Karamah, Jerusalem, Al-Intisar, Al-Salam, Nabi Younis, Algeria.                             
The results of the field survey indicate that termites attack many different plants according to the areas included in the study, stalk namely Platan occidentalis trees (Mosul forests), stalk Silybum marianum bush (Hammam Al-Alil district), stalk sunflower crop Helianthus annuus (Bashiqa district), and fruit peel Cucumis melo (Cucumis melo) watermelon (Wana district). and the root tomato Solanum betaceum (Zummar district).
The results of the diagnosis of termite samples sent to the Museum of Natural History at the University of Baghdad showed that all samples sent to different places where they were collected, the diagnosis proved that they belong to the species Microcerotermes diversus Silv. With the exception of sample No. (4) taken from the sunflower plant, Helianthus annuus, in the Al-Fadiliyah region of Bashiqa district, where it was of the type Amitermes villis Hagen.

Keywords

  • Survey
  • Classification
  • Microcerotermes diversus
  • Termitidae

Main Subjects

  • Plant Protection
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References
[1] Su, N. Y.; Scheffrahn, R. H. and Cabrera, B.(2001). Native Subteranean termite: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticultermes svirginicus (Banks), Reticulitermes. Hageni Banks (Insecta: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) UF,IFAS Extension. EENY-212.
 [2] Rouland-Lefevre ,C. (2011). Termites as pest of agriculture. In:Bignell DE et al (eds) Biology of termites : a modern synthesis.Springer, New York ,pp 499-517.
 [3] Atsbha, G.,and Hinsta M. (2018). Evaluation of chemical , botanical and   cultural management options of termite in Tanqua Abergelle distric , Ethiopia , African J . Plant science , 12(5) : 98-104 pp.
[4] Grohmann, C., Oldeland, J., Stoyan, D. and Linsenmair, E. (2010). Multi-scale  pattern analysis of a mound building Termite Species: Journal of the International Union for the study of Social Insects, 57(4), 367-494.
[5] Mohammed, M., Abiodun, F. and Jibia, B. (2014).  Denudation Effect of Termitaria and Characterization of Associated Termite Species in Lafia Nasarawa State: European Scientific Journal 10(30), 185-195.
[6] Ohkuma, M., Yuzawa, H., Amornsak, W., Sornnuwat, Y., Takematsu, Y.,Yamad, A., Vongkaluang,C., Sarnthoy,O., Kirtibutr, N.,Noparatnaraporn, N.,Kudo, T., and Inoue,T(2003).Molecular phylogeny of Asian termite (Isoptera) of the families Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae based on mitochondrial COII Sequences. Molcular phylogenetics and Evolution, 31: 701-710.
[7] Al-Mallah, Nizar Mustafa (2010). Al-Mallah's Dictionary of Common Scientific and Arabic Names of Harmful Insects in the Arab World. Al-Yazuri Scientific House for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, Amman. 766 pages.
[8] The Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, League of Arab States (1976). A study on the termite problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Iraqi Republic and the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arab Organization for Agricultural Development Press.
 [9] Al-Alawi, Saadi Abdel-Mohsen (1987). Taxonomic studies of the land in Iraq, PhD thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
 [10] Zarzis, Salem Jamil and Muhammad, Muhammad Abdul Karim (1992). Orchard insects, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul - Dar Al-Kutub for printing and publishing. 542 pages.
[11] Al-Jassani, Radhi Fadel (1996). Evaluation of some physical measures and chlorfite pesticide 48% TC in protecting buildings from infection with the termite (Isoptera: Termitidae) Microcerotermes diversus Doctoral dissertation. College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad.
[12] Su,N.Y.(2003).Overview of the global distribution and control of the Formosan subterranean termite .Sociobiology 41:7-16.
[13] Abe,T., Bignell, D . E. and Higsh,M.(2000). Termites Evolution, Symbiosis, Ecology.Kluwer  Acdemic, Dordrecht/Nowell pp.77-93.
[14] Su,N.Y. and  Scheffrachn, R.H(1993). Laboratory evalution of two chitin synthesis inhibitors Hexaflumuron and Diflubenzuron, as bait toxicants against Formosan and Eastern  subterranean termites(Isoptera:Rhinotrmitidae).J. Econ. Entomol. 65, 1254-1259.
[15] Black, H. I. and T. G. Wood.( 1989). Effect of cultivation on vertical distribution of  Macrotermes spp. in soil at Mokwa, Nigeria, Sociobiol., 15(3): 133-138.
 [16] Wood, T.G. and Johnson, R.A. (1986). The biology, physiology, and ecology of termites. The Economic Impact and Control of Social Insects (ed. by S. B. Vinson), pp. 1±68. Praegar Publications, New York.
[17] Shafiq, Maan Abdel Aziz (2010). A study of the effect of termite (diversus silvestri. (Insecta: Isoptera Microcerotermes) infestation on the productivity of date palm cultivars in Iraq, Iraqi Journal of Science, 51(3): 376-391.
 [18] Kaakeh ,W.(2005). Identification, Geographical Distribution and Hosts of Subterranean Termites in the United Arab Emirates Arid Ecosystem, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food Systems, Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 10(1):33-40.
[19] Knopf, H.E. (1972). Forest insects of Iraq. Mesopotamia 2 (1), Univ. Mosul . Iraq. ( C. F. Swailem, S. M. and Amin, A. H. 1974).
 [20] FAO (1972). Iraq forest Entomology. 68/518. Technical Report. No.6. Rome.
 [21] Al-Mallah, Nizar Mustafa (2005). The reality of termites in the city of Mosul, Manahil University Journal, University of Mosul, Issue (2).
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Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 14, Issue 1
March 2023
Page 166-174
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  • Article View: 1,642
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APA

Al-jebory, W., & AL-Mallah, N. (2023). Survey and Classification of Termite Species of Family Termitidae and their Locations in Nineveh Governorate. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 14(1), 166-174. doi: 10.58928/ku23.14113

MLA

Wadhah A. Al-jebory; Nabil M. AL-Mallah. "Survey and Classification of Termite Species of Family Termitidae and their Locations in Nineveh Governorate". Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 14, 1, 2023, 166-174. doi: 10.58928/ku23.14113

HARVARD

Al-jebory, W., AL-Mallah, N. (2023). 'Survey and Classification of Termite Species of Family Termitidae and their Locations in Nineveh Governorate', Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 14(1), pp. 166-174. doi: 10.58928/ku23.14113

VANCOUVER

Al-jebory, W., AL-Mallah, N. Survey and Classification of Termite Species of Family Termitidae and their Locations in Nineveh Governorate. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 2023; 14(1): 166-174. doi: 10.58928/ku23.14113

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