[1] Hasan, T. M. L. 2021. A suggested model for organizing the relationships among agricultural extension, research, and educational institutions in the Sulaymani governorate. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2): 161–
https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.13
[2] Zyad, N., Shexani, S., Layeeq, T. M. 2023. The level of environmental knowledge among farmers during farming practice in the Sharazur Plain - Sulaymani Governorate, Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 14(1): 1-16
https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14101
[3] Hasan, T. M. L. 2021. Attitudes of Grain Farmers Towards Selecting and Producing Certified Seeds and Their Relationship to Some Variables in Halabja Governorate. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 761(1).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/761/1/012136
[4] Elhamoly, A. I., Manal F. A. and Marwa S. A. 2018. The Factors Affecting Agricultural Extension Role in Providing Extension Service in Kafr El - Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, 44 (4): 135-151.
[5] Al-Jaf, T. M. L. 2010. A Model for Suggested Organizational Structure of Agricultural Extension in Kurdistan Region of Iraq”, Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sulaimani.
[6] Hasan, Tahir. M. L .2022. The causes of farmers’ migration from the rural to the city and ways to address them from the point of view of agricultural extension workers in Sulaymani Governorate- Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 22 (1) : 1-16.
https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/232538
[7] Abo element, M.A. and A.A. Al-Qarqari. 2019. Evaluation of the Role of Agricultural Extension in the Face of Agricultural Risks from the Point of View of Farmers in Ismailia Governorate, Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 50 (1) : 195-209.
[8] Draz, S.M. A, M.A. Abd El-Wahed, 2014. Problems of Agricultural Extension Agents in ELbehera Governorate, Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 45 (4):140-158.
[9] Rashid, D. A. R., Layek, T. M. 2018. suggested a Model for Job description of the Agricultural Extension Workers in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. J. Zankoy Sulaimani - Part a 2nd Int. Con, 417–430
[10] Mahmood, B. A., and T. M. Layek. 2018. ‘The Problems Of The Agricultural Extension Work In The Governorate Of Sulaimany’, Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A, 2nd Int. Con. Special Issue, 541–54.
[11] Al-Dosky, A. A. 2007. The Reality of Extension Activities of Agricultural Extension Centers in the Governorates of Dohuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, p. 162.
[12] Al-Ajili, S. A. 2006. Developing the Organizational Structure for Agricultural Extension in Iraq, unpublished doctoral thesis, Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, p.9.
[13] Abo Zaid, A. A. 2006. An Evaluation Study of Agricultural Extension Service in New Rural Communities in North Sinai, unpublished doctoral thesis, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences in Arish, Suez Canal University, Egypt, p. 19.
[14] Anderson J R, Gershon F. and Ganguly S. 2006. The rise and fall of training and visit extension: An Asian mini-drama with an African epilogue. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3928. Agriculture and Rural Development Department, World Bank,
[15] Eicher, C.K. 2007. Agricultural Extension in Africa and Asia; Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University: East Lansing, MI, USA.
Available at: https://core. ac. UK/reader/7021060
[16] Swanson, B., Riikka R. 2010. Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Advisory Systems: Procedures for Assessing, Transforming, and Evaluating Extension Systems, Agriculture and Rural Development.
[17] Zwane, E. M. 2012. Does Extension Have a Role to Play in Rural Development? South African Journal Agricultural Extension. 40, 24 16 – ISSN 0301- 603X Available at:
[18] Davis K, Terblanché S. 2016. Challenges facing the agricultural extension landscape in South Africa, Quo Vadis. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 44(2):231-247.
[19] Belay K, Alemu D. 2016. Agricultural research and extension linkages: challenges and intervention options. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(1):55-76.
[20] Das, P, Borua S. 2017. Constraints faced by agricultural technology management agency extension functionaries of Assam, India and their suggestions to overcome them. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology; 17(1):1-7. DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2017/32995
[21] Aderinto A, Agbelemoge A, Dada O. 2017. Effectiveness of extension service delivery and productivity of cassava farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(1):14-23.
[22]. Mansour, T. G., Ibrahim M. A. and Khairy H. AL. 2022. Challenges and Constraints Facing the Agricultural Extension System in Egypt, The Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka, 17(2): 241-257.
[23] AL-Abbassi, A.F. 2018. Methods of Scientific Research and Statistical Analyses in Behavioral Sciences, Noon House for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, University of Mosul-Iraq, p 187.
[24] Melhem, S. M. 2010. Research Methods in Education and Psychology, Sixth Edition, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
[25] Allam, S.M. 2009. Personal and educational standards, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan. p 711.
[26] Kawafha, T. M. 2010, Measurement and Evaluation, Methods of Measurement and Diagnosis in Special Education, Third Edition, Al-Maisarah, Jordan.