• Register
  • Login

Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)

  1. Home
  2. The Role Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Tomato Production And Marketing In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region- Iraq

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

Related Links

About Journal

FAQ

News

Journal Metrics

The Role Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Tomato Production And Marketing In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region- Iraq

    Authors

    • Sara Bwrhan Mohamed 1
    • Tahir Mohamad Layeeq 2
    • Chawan Mohamad Hamasalih 1
    • Kazhan Jamal Hassan 1

    1 Dept. of Agribusiness and Rural Development, College of Agric. Engg. Sciences, Univ. of Sulaimani

    2 Agribusiness & Rural Development Dept., College of Agric. Engg. Sciences, Univ. of Sulaimani

,

Document Type : Research Paper

10.58928/ku25.16401
  • Article Information
  • References
  • Download
  • Export Citation
  • Statistics
  • Share

Abstract

The research aims to identify the level of the role of agricultural extension centers in the production and marketing of tomatoes in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, determine the variance between the independent variables studied by the researchers and the role of agricultural extension centers in the production and marketing of tomatoes, in addition identifying the problems facing the process of production and marketing of tomatoes. The research population included all agricultural extension workers in the Agricultural Extension Directorate and its affiliated centers in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, numbering (100) agricultural extension workers. After excluding (16) respondents from them for being included in the survey sample, the number of those included in the research sample became (84) respondents representing the research population. The research results showed that the level of the role of agricultural extension centers in the production and marketing of tomatoes average and tends to high. The production process also came in first place compared to the marketing field. The result showed no variation in the opinions of agricultural extension workers about the role of agricultural extension centers in the production and marketing of tomatoes according to the research variables (age, Academic achievement, academic specialization, Duration of agricultural extension service), while variations appear regarding the research variable (Training courses). The research results also indicated the existence of many problems facing the process of producing and marketing tomatoes, Therefore, the researchers recommended providing continuous training courses for agricultural extension workers and launching media awareness campaigns to inform farmers of the role of extension centers.

Keywords

  • Agriculture
  • agricultural extension
  • farmer
  • tomato
  • Agricultural Extension Centers

Main Subjects

  • Economics, agricultural extension and rural development
  • XML
  • PDF 323.42 K
  • RIS
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • BibTeX
  • APA
  • MLA
  • HARVARD
  • VANCOUVER
References
  • Hasan, T. M. L. (2021). Attitudes of Grain Farmers Towards Selecting and Producing Certified Seeds and Their Relationship to Some Variables in Halabja Governorate. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 761(1).

 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/761/1/012136 

  • Hasan, T. M. L. (2021). A suggested model for organizing the relationships among agricultural extension, research, and educational institutions in the Sulaymani governorate. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2), 161–183.

 https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.13 

  • Altalb, Ahmed Awad and Ali Ahmed Ghaidhaib Al-Jubury,(2021), The Obstacles of The Work of The Agricultural Equipment’s Company in The field of Providing Agricultural Technologies for Farmers in Salah Al – Den Governorate, Iraq, Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 525-531.

https://connectjournals.com/03899.2021.17.525

  • Salah, Salah Fadlalha; Yaser Abdel-Hamed Diab; Dalia Hamed El Showeikh and Mohamed Fathy Hussin, (2020), Efficiency Endicators are the Most Important Determinants of Economic Growth in the Agricultural Sector, Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 51 (2) :(170-181).

https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_117205_859de1d79e44aca68516b042b8732639.pdf 

Doi: 10.21608/ajas.2020.117205 

  • El-Moghazy, , H. M. Saleh., I. A. Saafan.,(2019).Activating the Role of Agricultural Extension in Agricultural Risk Management in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 50 (1): (195-209)

Doi: 10.21608/ajas.2019.33518 

https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_33518_765a78cc044fe742d806c6377ae8ed32.pdf

  • Davis K, Terblanché S. (2016), Challenges facing the agricultural extension landscape in South Africa, Quo Vadis. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 44(2):231-247.

http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2016/v44n2a428

  • Bezu D, Okoyo E, Hassen J. (2016), Factors influencing work motivation of development agents: The case of Agarfa and Sinana Districts, Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 5(1):1-18.

http://academeresearchjournals.org/journal/ijasr/archive/february-2016-vol.-5(1)

  • Belay, K., Alemu D. (2016), Agricultural research and extension linkage: challenges and intervention options. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(1):55-76.

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejas/article/view/150346/139922

  • Aderinto, A., Agbelemoge A, Dada O. (2017), Effectiveness of extension service delivery and productivity of cassava farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(1):14-23.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v12i1.8202

  • Mansour, Tamer Gamal, Ibrahim Mahmoud Alaa Abdelaziz and Khairy Hamed Eleshmawiy,(2022), Challenges and Constraints Facing the Agricultural Extension System in Egypt, The Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka, Vol. 17, No 2, Pp 241-257.

http://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v17i2.9740

  • Hasan, Tahir. M. L, (2022), The causes of farmers’ migration from the rural to the city and ways to address them from the point of view of agricultural extension workers in Sulaymani Governorate- Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 1-16.

https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/232538

  • Wahib, Saad Maolood and Sahab Ayid AL-jili, (2020), the knowledge level of tomato farmers with post-harvest techniques in Samarra district \ Salah –AL- Din province, Proceedings of the eighth and second international scientific conference of the College of Agricult
  • Rashid, D. A., T.M. L. Hasan, (2023), Financial, Institutional, and Humanitarian Risks and Their Impact on Tomato Cultivation in Sulaymani Governorate, Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 14(4) :115-130.

 https://www.semanticscholar.org/reader/9aa4b800d9d7ffbb14cdd0e155381951f52f1ff8

Doi: 10.58928/ku23.14411 

  • Mitra, S., S. Sharmin, (2019), Risk Attitudes and Financial Profitability of Tomato Farmers-A Study in Bangladesh, the Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka, 14(3): 207-217

http://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v14i3.8604

  • Ntonifor, N. N, Nsobinenyui DN, Fokam EB and LA Fontem, (2013) Developing an Integrated Management Approach for the Fruit Fly Dacus punctatifrons on Tomato. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture; 3: 470-481.
  • ITC, (2019), United Nations Statistics (PCTAS CD-Rom database, based on "COMTRADE", Geneva, Switzerland. Accession date is June 3.
  • Willcox, J.K.; Catignani, G.L.; Lazarus, S. (2003), Tomato and cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, 43, 1–18.

DOI: 10.1080/10408690390826437

  • Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and practice, 2(1), 14

.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z     

  • Melhem, S. M, (2010), Research Methods in Education and Psychology, Sixth Edition, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.

http://www.s-ajfan.com/vb/showthread.php?t=195756

  • Taber, K.S, (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in science education, 48: 1273-1296

  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2

  • Anto, A., Sugiyanto, S., Yuliati, Y., Kustanti, A. (2023). Validity and Reliability of the Adoption Questionnaire of Agricultural Mechanization in the Food Estate Area of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 4(4), 736-741.

http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v4i4.855

  • AI-Raheem, F. I. (2024). Marketing economics and determining the factors affecting the marketing efficiency of the tomato crop in Tikrit district for the 2022 production season. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 24(4), 105-119.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.4.9

  • Rashid, D. A., & Hasan, T. M. (2023). Production and Marketing Risks for Tomato Growers in Halabja and Sulaymani Governorates in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 102013.

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/10/102013

  • [Othman, C. A., Hasan, T. M. (2025). Farmers Use of Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural Marketing in the Shahrazur Plain in Sulaimani Governorate. Dijlah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 39-51.
  • Mohammed, N. N., Hasan, T. M. (2025). Application of Management by Objectives in Agricultural Extension Centers/Sulaymani Governorate-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Dijlah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 27-38.
  • Lee, C. L., Strong, R., Briers, G., Murphrey, T., Rajan, N., & Rampold, S. (2023). A correlational study of two US state Extension professionals’ behavioral intentions to improve sustainable food chains through precision farming practices. Foods, 12(11), 2208.

Doi: 10.3390/foods12112208. 

    • Article View: 182
    • PDF Download: 154
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 16, Issue 4 - Issue Serial Number 4
December 2025
Page 1-9
Files
  • XML
  • PDF 323.42 K
Share
Export Citation
  • RIS
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • BibTeX
  • APA
  • MLA
  • HARVARD
  • VANCOUVER
Statistics
  • Article View: 182
  • PDF Download: 154

APA

Mohamed, S., Layeeq, T., Hamasalih, C., & Hassan, K. (2025). The Role Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Tomato Production And Marketing In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 16(4), 1-9. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16401

MLA

Sara Bwrhan Mohamed; Tahir Mohamad Layeeq; Chawan Mohamad Hamasalih; Kazhan Jamal Hassan. "The Role Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Tomato Production And Marketing In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region- Iraq". Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 16, 4, 2025, 1-9. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16401

HARVARD

Mohamed, S., Layeeq, T., Hamasalih, C., Hassan, K. (2025). 'The Role Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Tomato Production And Marketing In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region- Iraq', Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 16(4), pp. 1-9. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16401

VANCOUVER

Mohamed, S., Layeeq, T., Hamasalih, C., Hassan, K. The Role Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Tomato Production And Marketing In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 2025; 16(4): 1-9. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16401

  • Home
  • About Journal
  • Editorial Board
  • Submit Manuscript
  • Contact Us
  • Glossary
  • Sitemap

News

  • Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences ... 2025-12-01
  • Kirkuk University Journal of Agricultural Sciences ... 2026-01-07

Newsletter Subscription

Subscribe to the journal newsletter and receive the latest news and updates

© Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com