Authors
1
Department Biotechnology and Crop Science College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq.
2
Department of Field Crops and Medicinal Plants, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Salahaddin Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was conducted at the experimental field site of Qlyasan Research Station, situated within the Sulaimani region. This facility serves as the primary research hub for the Department of Biotechnology and Crop Science, affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Sulaimani. A field experiment was carried out in the spring during the growing season of 2023 to assess the impact of planting date on the growth, yield, and quality of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) cultivars. The current experiment included two factors: the first was planting dates (April 1st, April 15th, May 1st, and May 15th), while the second factor comprised three cultivars (Benglanuglue, Karal, and Animax). The results indicated that the longest duration to reach 50% flowering and days to maturity, as well as the highest values for the plant height, branch number per plant, capitulum number per plant, seed number per capitulum, 1000-seed weight, seed yield (kg ha⁻¹), and seed oil content, were observed in crops sown on the April 1st compared to the other planting dates. Conversely, the lowest values for all these parameters were recorded in crops sown on May 15th. However, the highest seed protein content was obtained from crops sown on May 15th. Among the cultivars, Benglanuglue performed significantly better than the other cultivars and produced the highest seed yield and seed oil content when sown on the April 1st. These findings suggest that early planting is crucial for maximizing yield and oil content in Niger cultivation.
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